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    Impact of Extractant Type and pH on Yttrium Recycling from End of Life Fluorescent Lamp
    (Scopus, 2023-11-14) Koç Delice, Tülay; Türker, Gülşah; Obuz, Hüseyin Eren; Soydaş Sözer, Belma
    Rare-earth elements (REEs), which are indispensable for high technology and renewable energy, are becoming more significant due to their distinct properties (e.g., catalytic, metallurgical, magnetic, etc.) and their diverse applications in a wide range of contemporary technologies, environmental initiatives, and economic domains. In the pursuit of an environmentally friendly, sustainable, circular approach, recycling and utilizing secondary rare-earth resources as potential reservoirs of REEs may present an alternative to primary mining, addressing future raw material demands. Secondary REE sources include various products such as fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), magnets, wind turbines, electric motors, and batteries. Powders used in fluorescent lamps contain approximately 3% phosphorus, and these powders comprise a high ratio of precious REEs such as Y, Eu, La, Ce, and Tb. This study involves the recovery of yttrium from end-of-life fluorescent lamps. The composition of the end-of-life fluorescent lamp was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques subsequent to grinding. The leaching process was conducted to investigate the effects of leach parameters on the efficiency of the reaction. In the subsequent phase of the study, a solution obtained with the optimum leaching efficiency was subjected to the purification of Y using the solvent extraction (SX) method. The effect of each different extractant and pH values on Y-recovery were investigated for SX process. Yttrium oxide powders were characterized by XRF and ICP(OES) techniques, and high-purity Y2O3 powders were obtained with high yield.
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    Kaplı ve kapsız marul (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. cervantes) tohumlarında etkili mutasyon dozunun belirlenmesi
    (Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Koçarlı Meslek Yüksekokulu, 2018) Sarıçam, Şule; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu, Ş. Şebnem; 176647; TAEK-SANAEM
    Tarımsal üretimde en önemli unsurlardan biri tohum ekimi ve tohumların uygun koşullarda Hafif, küçük ve şekilsiz tohumların ekimi oldukça güçtür. Tohum kaplama teknolojileri sayesinde makineli ekime uygun tohumlar elde edilir. Marul (Lactuca sativa L.) tohumları çok küçük olup 1000 tane ağırlığı yaklaşık 0.9 g’dır. Bu yüzden ticari marul tohumları kaplanmış olarak satılmaktadır. Yürütülen ıslah çalışmalarında nitelikli çeşitler, gen havuzlarının oluşturulmasında önem taşımaktadır. Marul ıslahında mutasyon önemli yer tutmaktadır. Mutasyon ıslahı, etkili mutagen dozu ile zengin bir fenotipik varyasyon yaratmak ve seleksiyon ile birkaç önemli özelliğin değiştirildiği daha iyi özelliklere sahip yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla kullanılmakta olan bir yöntemdir. Ancak bu tarz bir ıslah yönteminde ışınlama uygulaması yapılacak olan tohumun nem içeriği ve canlılığı ışınlamanın başarısında oldukça önemlidir. Günümüze kadar yürütülen çalışmalarda, kaplanmış tohumlu türlerde ışınlamanın etkileri üzerine bir çalışma yürütülmediğinden, kaplanmış tohumun ışınlanması ile ilgili bir bilgi mevcut değildir. Bu çalışmada, kaplanmış tohumların ıslah materyali olarak mutasyon ıslahı çalışmaları için uygun olup olmadığını belirlemek amacı ile Cervantes marul çeşidine ait kaplı ve kapsız tohumlar kullanılmıştır. Tohumlar, Co60 kaynağı ile sekiz farklı dozda, 0-600 Gy arasındaki dozlarda (30 tohum/doz) ışınlanmıştır. Işınlamadan 30 gün sonra "Etkili Mutasyon Dozu" (EMD50) lineer regresyon analiziyle hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre 254,45 Gy’lik doz kaplı tohumlar, 254,49 Gy’lik doz kapsız tohumlar için etkili mutasyon dozu olarak belirlenmiştir.
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    Risk analysis and annual effective dose due to terrestrial and cosmic radiation in the region of Niğde province (Turkey)
    (RAD Association, Nis Serbia, 2018) Erdoğan, Mehmet; Manisa, Kaan; Bircan, Hasan; Çevik, İbrahim; Bingöldağ, Nesli; Bıyık, Recep; Zedef, Veysel; 0000-0001-7929-4395; 30286; TAEK-ÇNAEM
    The radiation exposure for people and all living things is inevitable. Most of these exposures are due to natural sources. Terrestrial and cosmic radiation sources are the most important contribution to these exposures which originated from the fractionation of U-238, Th-232, gamma radiation of K-40 and high-energy cosmic particles incident on the earth’s atmosphere. The main contribution to these exposures comes from terrestrial sources. Terrestrial radionuclides are found in various concentrations in the crust of the earth depending on geological conditions of the region. They also cause exposure risks externally due to their gamma-ray emissions. This study assesses the terrestrial and cosmic radiation dose rates from the naturally occurring radionuclides in the region of Niğde province of Turkey. The measurements were performed on the surface soil using NaI(Tl) scintillation type gamma-ray detector. The external annual effective doses and cancer risk for people living in the region are also calculated from such terrestrial and cosmic gamma radiation dose rates for each individual.
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    Shielding effect of boron carbide-tungsten carbide-aluminum metal matrix hybrid composite against different type of radiations
    (SSRN, 2024-11-12) AKKAS, Ayhan; TUGRUL, A. Beril; TAZEGUL, Onur
    The present study examined the shielding effect of composite materials containing varying proportions of aluminum, boron carbide and tungsten carbide compounds against different radiation types. The transmission technique was used to investigate the attenuation properties of the materials against gamma, beta and neutron radiation. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were determined by 0.059 MeV (Am-241), 0.662 MeV (Cs-137) and 1.25 MeV (Co-60) energetic gamma rays and Emax = 2.25 MeV energetic beta rays. Furthermore, the total macroscopic cross section (T) was calculated for the materials in the presence of the Pu-Be neutron source. The gamma mass attenuation coefficient values were compared with theoretical values obtained from the XCOM programme code. Calculations of the half-value thickness (HVT) were conducted utilising linear attenuation coefficient and total macroscopic cross-section values. The results demonstrated that an increase in the tungsten carbide content of the materials resulted in an enhancement of the HVTs against gamma and beta radiation from Am-241, Cs-137 and Co-60. Furthermore, an increase in the boron carbide ratio resulted in an enhancement of the HVTs against the Pu-Be neutron source. The findings of this study may prove useful in the selection of effective shielding materials against mixed radiation in nuclear industries.
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    Transfer Factors of 238U, 232Th, 40K, 210 Pb to selected some Crops and radiation impact assessment in Semi Arid Environment
    (Springer, 2024-05-22) Dirican, Abdullah; Dikmen, Hasan; Şahin, Mihriban; Gülay, Yusuf; Özkök, Yücel Özel; Kaya, Nihal; Vural, Mustafa
    Research on the safety of staple agricultural food products has always been one of humanity's priorities and provides input for dose assessment models. Within this important priority, activity concentrations, transfer factors (TF), and radiological effects of 238U, 232Th, 210Pb, and 40 12 K were studied for selected crops in a village close to the NORM area, located in Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The RESRAD-onsite code has been used to assess the total dose rate. The simulation of the risk analysis covered 80 years. The maximum total dose of 0.5 mSv/yr was obtained at t = 30 years.