Dose control levels in contaminated foodstuffs with radionuclides and a sample application with Chernobyl fallout data in Turkey
Loading...
Date
2019-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Turkish Atomic Energy Authority
Abstract
Bir nükleer kaza veya patlamada fisyon ve aktivasyon ürünleri yüksek basınç ve ısıl etki ile yükselerek, atmosferde dağılır ve yer çekimi etkisi ile yeryüzüne inerek radyoaktif serpintiyi oluşturur. Radyoaktif partiküllerin bir kısmı atmosferik olaylarla kaynaktan uzak çevrelere dağılarak hava, su ve toprağı kirletip yaydığı radyasyonlarla tüm ekosisteme ve insan sağlığına zarar verebilir. Radyoaktif kirlenme ve ışınlanma boyutu kazanın evrelerine ve kaza yerinden olan uzaklığa göre nitel ve nicel olarak farklılıklar gösterir. Bu farklılıklar koruma önlemlerinin belirlenmesinde göz önünde tutulur. Radyoaktivite çevreden insana doğrudan veya farklı gıda zincirleriyle ulaşır. Gıdalarda belirlenen radyonüklit kirlenme düzeyleri bölgesel olarak hesaplanmış kirlenme sınırlarına göre değerlendirilerek gıdanın tüketiminin iznine, kısıtlanmasına veya önlenmesine karar verilir. Bu şekilde toplum bireylerinin sindirim yoluyla etkin doz eşdeğeri üstünde radyasyona maruz kalması önlenir.
Bu çalışmada 1986 da vuku bulan Çernobil Reaktör Kazası sonrası Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumunca Türkiye’deki temel gıda maddelerinde ölçülen radyoaktif kirlenme düzeyleri incelendi; süt ürünleri, et, unlu mamüller, sebze ve meyve olmak üzere dört temel gıda maddesi için kirlenme düzeyleri ve kirlenme sınırları hesaplandı. Kirlenme sınırları (D, Bq/kg) süt ürünlerinde DI-131: 288.4; DCs-134: 6345; DCs-137: 9762; et ürünlerinde DCs-134:18657; DCs-137: 28703; unlu mamüllerde DCs-134: 1257; DCs-137: 1934; sebze ve meyvelerde DI-131: 96.2; DCs-134: 2117; DCs-137:3257 olarak hesaplandı. Kirlenme düzeyleri (Dx
, Bq/kg) süt ürünlerinde Dx I-131: 211; Dx Cs-134: 739; Dx Cs-137:1478; et ürünlerinde Dx Cs-134:10076; Dx
Cs137:13200; unlu mamüllerde Dx Cs-134: 547; Dx Cs-137: 1093; sebze ve meyvelerde Dx I-131: 80;
Dx Cs-134: 160; Dx Cs-137: 134 Bq/kg olarak hesaplandı. Karşılaştırıldığında, kirlenme düzeylerinin (Dx ) kirlenme sınırlarından (D) küçük olduğu görüldüğünden incelenen gıda maddelerinin tüketilebilir nitelikte olduğu değerlendirildi. Dört temel gıda grubu için hesaplanan toplam kirlenme düzeyi 0.050 olarak bulundu. Bu değer 1’den küçük olduğundan dört temel gıda grubunun birlikte tüketilebilir düzeyde olduğu belirlendi.
Fission, fussion or activation products consist of nuclear reactions in a nuclear accident or explosion. These products rise to atmosphere with high pressure and thermal effect, by concentrating in the atmosphere, they descend to the earth with the effect of gravity and create the fallout. Some of the radioactive particles are dispersed from near source circles to the distant surroundings. Dispersed radionuclides contaminate air, water and soil and harm the human health and whole ecosystem by emitting radiation. The radioactive contamination and irradiation dimensions vary in qualitative and quantitative terms according to the phases of the accident and the distance from the accident site. These differences are taken into consideration when determining the protection measures. Pollutants depend on the level of contamination, contamination routes, the type and timing of protective measures, characteristics of the accident, geographical location, season, meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Radionuclides reach the human from the environment directly or through different intermediate step food chains. In remote areas, the consumption of food contaminated with radionuclides should be controlled to limit or prevent the low irradiation doses that the community receives indirectly. Although the contamination level of radionuclide reaching human with the last product can be calculated by transfer parameters, used transfer models may not always identical to the original. The best way to achieve emergency decision is to determine derived intervention levels of radionuclide contamination according to the latest food data. In this study, radioactive contamination levels in basic foodstuffs in Turkey were investigated with resulting from the global fallout after Chernobly Reactor Accident.
Fission, fussion or activation products consist of nuclear reactions in a nuclear accident or explosion. These products rise to atmosphere with high pressure and thermal effect, by concentrating in the atmosphere, they descend to the earth with the effect of gravity and create the fallout. Some of the radioactive particles are dispersed from near source circles to the distant surroundings. Dispersed radionuclides contaminate air, water and soil and harm the human health and whole ecosystem by emitting radiation. The radioactive contamination and irradiation dimensions vary in qualitative and quantitative terms according to the phases of the accident and the distance from the accident site. These differences are taken into consideration when determining the protection measures. Pollutants depend on the level of contamination, contamination routes, the type and timing of protective measures, characteristics of the accident, geographical location, season, meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Radionuclides reach the human from the environment directly or through different intermediate step food chains. In remote areas, the consumption of food contaminated with radionuclides should be controlled to limit or prevent the low irradiation doses that the community receives indirectly. Although the contamination level of radionuclide reaching human with the last product can be calculated by transfer parameters, used transfer models may not always identical to the original. The best way to achieve emergency decision is to determine derived intervention levels of radionuclide contamination according to the latest food data. In this study, radioactive contamination levels in basic foodstuffs in Turkey were investigated with resulting from the global fallout after Chernobly Reactor Accident.
Description
Keywords
Radionuclide, Radyonüklit, Nuclear accidents, Nükleer kazalar, Fallout, Serpinti, Derived intervention levels, Türetilmiş müdahale seviyesi
Citation
Tükenmez, İ. ve Aydın, S. (2019). Dose control levels in contaminated foodstuffs with radionuclides and a sample application with Chernobyl fallout data in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 31(2), 67-79.