Browsing by Organisation Author "Koç Delice, Tülay"

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    Beneficiation of Eskişehir Beylikova Bastnasite Ore and Rare Earth Elements Recovery
    (Scopus, 2023-11-14) Türker, Gülşah; Koç Delice, Tülay; Temizkalb, Arda; Özgür, Özgün Cem; Soydaş Sözer, Belma
    Unique magnetic, optical and electrical properties of rare earth elements (REEs) have be come essential in modern high technology. Considering this necessity of technology, efficient man agement and utilization of rare earth resources is of great importance. Even though there are more than 250 rare earth minerals in around the world, the number of minerals that can be economically processed, not exceeding three. Among these minerals, bastnaesite, has a significant impact on sci entific advancement and social progress. This project aims to contribute to the establishment of a sustainable supply chain for REE in Turkey and Europe by conducting research and development activities to leverage the utilization of REEs found in our country. The primary objective of this project is to extract rare earth oxides from complex ore in the Eskişehir Beylikova region, which holds the largest reserve potential discovered in our country, and to refine these metal oxides to produce metals that can be used in magnet manufacturing. The project encom passes five main work packages during three years: Project management, ore enrichment, solvent extraction based purification, utilization of REOs and metals in additive material and magnet pro duction.
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    Efficient Purification and Production of Rare Earth Metals from Bastnasite Ore: Beneficiation, Leaching, Solvent Extraction, and Metallothermic Reduction Approaches
    (Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-10-30) Koç Delice, Tülay; Türker, Gülşah; Kutluata, Onur Berk; Şeşen, Halil; Soydaş Sözer, Belma; Pıtıcescu, Radu Robert; Bogdanescu, Cristian
    Rare earth elements (REE) are one of the indispensable raw materials of modern technologies and are used in many critical applications such as magnetic materials, catalysts and batteries. The economic and efficient recovery of REE from ores is of great importance to reduce global supply risks [1,2] This study investigates the production of high purity rare earth metals by physical pre-benefication, leaching, solvent extraction and metallothermic reduction steps applied in the process of recovery of rare earth elements from bastnasite ore containing rare earth elements. Bastnasite occurs naturally with fluorite, barite, calcite, quartz, hematite and some silicates. Various methods, mainly gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation and electrical separation, can be used to extract these gangue minerals [3]. In the present study, bastnasite ore was subjected to crushing-grinding-sieving processes and pre-enrichment process was carried out. The direct leaching and roasting methods were applied to the screened ore and the pre-beneficatio ore sample with a particle size of -45 µm was then subjected to mineral acid leaching with and without roasting. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting type, acid type, acid concentration on the leaching efficiency of the pre-enriched ore concentrate were investigated. Solvent extraction parameters were investigated for the purification and selective recovery of REEs from the REE loaded solution obtained. In the following stage of the study, we focused on the production of high purity rare earth metals from rare earth oxides purified by solvent extraction by metallothermic method. The metallothermic process is based on a reduction reaction, usually using reactive metals such as Ca or Mg. In this study, neodymium metal (Nd) production by metallothermic reduction method using neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) obtained after solvent extraction process with 95%-97% Nd content is discussed. Mg was selected as the reactive metal. The reduction reaction was carried out in vacuum under high temperature conditions (800-1000°C). As a result of metallothermic reduction, high purity neodymium sponge was obtained.
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    Impact of Extractant Type and pH on Yttrium Recycling from End of Life Fluorescent Lamp
    (Scopus, 2023-11-14) Koç Delice, Tülay; Türker, Gülşah; Obuz, Hüseyin Eren; Soydaş Sözer, Belma
    Rare-earth elements (REEs), which are indispensable for high technology and renewable energy, are becoming more significant due to their distinct properties (e.g., catalytic, metallurgical, magnetic, etc.) and their diverse applications in a wide range of contemporary technologies, environmental initiatives, and economic domains. In the pursuit of an environmentally friendly, sustainable, circular approach, recycling and utilizing secondary rare-earth resources as potential reservoirs of REEs may present an alternative to primary mining, addressing future raw material demands. Secondary REE sources include various products such as fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), magnets, wind turbines, electric motors, and batteries. Powders used in fluorescent lamps contain approximately 3% phosphorus, and these powders comprise a high ratio of precious REEs such as Y, Eu, La, Ce, and Tb. This study involves the recovery of yttrium from end-of-life fluorescent lamps. The composition of the end-of-life fluorescent lamp was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques subsequent to grinding. The leaching process was conducted to investigate the effects of leach parameters on the efficiency of the reaction. In the subsequent phase of the study, a solution obtained with the optimum leaching efficiency was subjected to the purification of Y using the solvent extraction (SX) method. The effect of each different extractant and pH values on Y-recovery were investigated for SX process. Yttrium oxide powders were characterized by XRF and ICP(OES) techniques, and high-purity Y2O3 powders were obtained with high yield.