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Item ÇAY BİTKİSİNDE YENİ ÇEŞİTLERİN ELDE EDİLMESİ AMACI İLE ETKİLİ MUTASYON DOZUNUN BELİRLENMESİ DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVE MUTATION DOSE FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING NEW VARIETIES IN TEA PLANT(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-04-29) GÖKSU KARAOĞLU, Burcu; YAZICI, Keziban; KANTOĞLU, Yaprak; KUNTER, Burak; AKA KAÇAR, YıldızÇay dünyada sudan sonra en fazla tüketilen içecek bitkisidir. Türkiye’de sadece Doğu Karadeniz bölümünde yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Yetiştiriciliğin yaygınlaşmaya başladığı tarihten bu yana tüm bahçeler tohumla tesis edilmiş olup klon çay çeşitleri ile tesis edilmiş bahçeler bulunmamakta bu da verim ve kaliteye etki etmektedir. Çay bitkisinde heterezigoti oranının yüksek olması ve kendine uyuşmazlık mekanizmasının varlığı ıslah çalışmalarının süresini uzatmaktadır. Mutasyon ıslahı, çay bitkisinde genetik çeşitlilik ortaya çıkarmak için hızlı ve pratik bir yöntemdir. Çay üretiminde önemli olan Çin, Hindistan, Kenya ve Sri Lanka gibi ülkelerde mutasyon ıslahı ile ticarete konu olan önemli çay çeşitleri geliştirilmiştir. Ülkemizde ise bu konuda bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı çayda mutasyon ıslahı yöntemini kullanarak varyasyon yaratmak ve yeni çay çeşit adayları geliştirmektir. Çalışmamız Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, araştırma seralarında 2020 ile 2023 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada materyal olarak kullanılan Zihni Derin çay çeşidine ait 3-4 gözlü sürgünlere Türkiye Enerji Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu’nda İzotop marka “Ob-Servo Sanguis Co-60 Research Irradiator” model gama ışınlama cihazı ile 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 ve 70 Gy dozlarında ışınlama yapılmıştır. Işınlamadan sonra tek gözlü olarak alınan çay çelikleri torf-vermikulit karışımına dikilmiştir. Farklı dozlarda gama ışını uygulanan çay çeliklerinin canlılık ve köklenme oranları belirlenmiş büyüyen çay fidanlarında ise sürgün uzunluğu (mm) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Sürgün uzunluğuna göre yapılan probit regresyon analizine göre “Etkili Mutasyon Dozunun’’ 11,45 Gy olduğu tespit edilikten sonra ana mutant populasyonu oluşturmak için çay çelikleri üzerine bu doz uygulanmıştır. Uygulamadan sonra M1V1 generasyonu oluşturulmuştur. M1V1 generasyonu Ek-2 üzerinde ölçüm ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, M1V1-V3 generasyonlarında mutant çay bitkilerinde büyük oranda varyasyon meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile 140 adet mutant çay genotipi elde edilmiş olup, bu genotipler Ulusal Çay Gen Havuzumuza aktarılacaktır. Tea is the second most consumed beverage plant in the world after water. It is only cultivated in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Since the beginning of cultivation, all gardens have been established with seeds, and there are no gardens established with clonal tea varieties, which also affects yield and quality. The high heterozygosity rate in tea plants and the presence of self-incompatibility mechanisms prolong the duration of breeding studies. Mutation breeding is a rapid and practical method for generating genetic diversity in tea plants. Important tea varieties that are traded have been developed through mutation breeding in countries such as China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka, which are important in tea production. No studies have been conducted on this issue in our country. The aim of this study is to create variation and develop new tea variety candidates using the mutation breeding method in tea. Our study was conducted at the Research Greenhouses of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Agriculture, between 2020 and 2023. In the study, 3-4-eyed shoots belonging to the Zihni Derin tea variety were irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 Gy using the “Ob-Servo Sanguis Co-60 Research Irradiator” model gamma irradiation device of the Turkish Energy Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency. After irradiation, tea cuttings were taken as single eyes and planted in a mixture of peat and vermiculite. The viability and rooting rates of tea cuttings irradiated with different doses of gamma rays were determined, and the shoot length (mm) measurements were made in the growing tea seedlings. The probit regression analysis performed according to the shoot length, the “Effective Mutation Dose” was found to be 11.45 Gy. After the application with 11.45 Gy, the M1V1 generation was created. Measurements and observations were made on the M1V1 generation. According to the results of the study, a large amount of variation occurred in mutant tea plants in the M1V1-V3 generations. With this study, 140 mutant tea genotypes were obtained, and these genotypes will be transferred to our National Tea Gene Pool.Item Effects of Two Different Gamma Ray Sources on In Vitro Shoot Explantation of Fraser Photinia and Determination of Effective Mutation Dose(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-12-03) Türkmen, Onur Sinan; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu, Ş. ŞebnemFraser photinia (Photinia × fraseri cv. Red Robin) is widely preferred as ornamental plant in garden designs due to environmental resilience and decorative feature. Considering the increasing adaptation capacity of the existing varieties of the species to changing climatic conditions, efforts to develop new varieties with high attractiveness to the market have started to increase. The in vitro mutation breeding method has serious potential for expanding the existing variability for this species, which is prone to in vitro propagation. Determining the applicability of ionizing gamma ray sources for in vitro mutation studies on Fraser photinia is crucial. In this study, two different gamma-ionizing radiation sources cesium 137 (137Cs) and cobalt 60 (60Co) were used to determine the radiation sensitivity of in vitro shoot explants, and effective mutation dose (EMD50) values were determined for the sources. For this purpose, in vitro shoot explants were irradiated at thirteen different doses ranging from thirteen different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 130 Gy) with 60Co (Dose rate: 235 Gy/h) and 137Cs (Dose rate: 821 Gy/h) gamma ray sources. Thirty days after irradiation, shoot length and number of leaves were measured in in vitro plantlets, and EMD50 values were calculated by linear regression analysis. The EMD50 dose based on the number of leaves as a result of cesium-137 source ray application was determined as 60.34 Gy, while this value was determined as 80.88 Gy for cobalt- 60 source. According to these results, it was seen that the source power, irradiation time, and the effect created by the linear energy transfer value of the beam during tissue penetration were effective on the EMD50 dose difference.Item Efficient Purification and Production of Rare Earth Metals from Bastnasite Ore: Beneficiation, Leaching, Solvent Extraction, and Metallothermic Reduction Approaches(IMNR, 2024-10-30) KOÇ DELİCE, Tülay; TÜRKER, Gülşah; KUTLUATA, Onur Berk; ŞEŞEN, Halil; SOYDAŞ SÖZER, Belma; PITICESCU, Radu Robert; Bogdanescu, CristianRare earth elements (REE) are one of the indispensable raw materials of modern technologies and are used in many critical applications such as magnetic materials, catalysts and batteries. The economic and efficient recovery of REE from ores is of great importance to reduce global supply risks [1,2] This study investigates the production of high purity rare earth metals by physical pre-benefication, leaching, solvent extraction and metallothermic reduction steps applied in the process of recovery of rare earth elements from bastnasite ore containing rare earth elements. Bastnasite occurs naturally with fluorite, barite, calcite, quartz, hematite and some silicates. Various methods, mainly gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation and electrical separation, can be used to extract these gangue minerals [3]. In the present study, bastnasite ore was subjected to crushing-grinding-sieving processes and pre-enrichment process was carried out. The direct leaching and roasting methods were applied to the screened ore and the pre-beneficatio ore sample with a particle size of -45 µm was then subjected to mineral acid leaching with and without roasting. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting type, acid type, acid concentration on the leaching efficiency of the pre-enriched ore concentrate were investigated. Solvent extraction parameters were investigated for the purification and selective recovery of REEs from the REE loaded solution obtained. In the following stage of the study, we focused on the production of high purity rare earth metals from rare earth oxides purified by solvent extraction by metallothermic method. The metallothermic process is based on a reduction reaction, usually using reactive metals such as Ca or Mg. In this study, neodymium metal (Nd) production by metallothermic reduction method using neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) obtained after solvent extraction process with 95%-97% Nd content is discussed. Mg was selected as the reactive metal. The reduction reaction was carried out in vacuum under high temperature conditions (800-1000°C). As a result of metallothermic reduction, high purity neodymium sponge was obtained.Item Endüstride nükleer teknoloji(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem İyonlaştırıcı radyasyon metrolojisi(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer enerji ekonomisi(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer enerji ve çevre(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer enerji ve çevre(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer enerjinin alternatif kullanım alanları(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer enerjinin alternatif kullanım alanları(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer reaktörler(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer reaktörler(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer santrallarda deprem güvenliği(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer santrallarda deprem güvenliği(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer santrallarda güvenlik felsefesi ve güvenlik sistemleri(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer santrallarda güvenlik felsefesi ve güvenlik sistemleri(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer santrallarda yer seçimi ve değerlendirmesi(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer santrallarda yer seçimi ve değerlendirmesi(T.C. Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu, 2018) TAEK; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi KurumuItem Nükleer santralların çalışma prensipleri(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEKItem Nükleer santralların lisanslanması(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2008) TAEK