Makale

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Browsing Makale by Publisher "De Gruyter"

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    Color and ink characterization of the Ottoman diplomatics dating from the 13th to the 20th century
    (De Gruyter, 2018-11) Kantoğlu, Ömer; Ergun, Ece; Kırmaz, Rıdvan; Kalaycı, Yakup; Zararsız, Abdullah; Bayır, Önder; 0000-0002-0403-5425; TAEK-SANAEM
    This study investigates the colors and inks used in the diplomatics of the Ottoman Empire dating from the 13th to 20th century. Elemental and spectroscopic analyses were carried out on more than 150 diplomatics using the µ-XRF, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, but 10 of them were chosen representative for each century. In addition to the characterization of color and ink, the common or rare use of different colors and inks through ages is discussed. The results of the analysis of the Ottoman diplomatics revealed that minium, vermilion, red ochre and cochineal comprised the red color; lapis lazuli (ultramarine blue), azurite (blue verditer), Prussian blue and smalt were used as the blue color; malachite and green earth provided the green color; massicot was used as the yellow color; yellow lead constituted the orange color; and basic lead carbonate and zinc oxide were the source of the white color have been determined in the diplomatics of the Ottoman Empire. All the illuminations were ornamented with gold to demonstrate the power of Empire and also Emperor. The text script of the diplomatics were written in black, red and gold inks using iron gall- and carbon-based black ink (carbon black/soot), cochineal (red ink) and gold.
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    Crystal structure and magnetic exchange interaction in a binuclear copper(II) schiff base complex with a bridging m-phenylenediamine ligand
    (De Gruyter, 2005) Zeyrek, C. Tuğrul; Elmalı, Ayhan; Elerman, Y.; Svoboda, I.; 0000-0001-6744-7841; TAEK-ANAEM
    Condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with m-phenylenediamine (1,3-diaminobenzene) (m-pda) gives the ligand [N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-diaminobenzene] which reacts with cupric acetate to give the complex [Cu2(L-m-pda)2]·2H2O, [L = 2-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde)]. The molecular structure of the complex [Cu2(L-m-pda)2]·2H2O has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. (C44H40Cu2N4O8)·2H2O, triclinic, space group P1̄. Two [Cu(L-m-pda)] fragments, related by an inversion center, are connected by m-phenylene groups to form a binuclear unit. The coordination geometry around each copper(II) can be described as a distorted tetrahedron formed by the N2O2 donor set of the Schiff base ligands. The intramolecular Cu···Cu separation is 7.401(6) Å. The magnetic susceptibility of the complex in the 5 - 301 K temperature range can be rationalized by the parameters J = −0.4 cm−1 and g = 2.17. This indicates a weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction. Extended Hückel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations have been performed in order to gain insight into the molecular orbitals that participate in the super-exchange pathway.
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    Iron(III) induced imidazolidine ring hydrolysis of binucleating schiff base ligand: synthesis, crystal structures, spectroscopic properties and conformational study of a new μ-bis(tetradentate) schiff base and its mononuclear iron(III) complex
    (De Gruyter, 2005-05) Zeyrek, C. Tuğrul; Elmalı, Ayhan; Elerman, Y.; 0000-0001-6744-7841; TAEK-ANAEM
    The μ-bis(tetradentate) ligand, [C27H26Cl3N4O4], H3L′, 1,3-bis[N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)- 2-aminoethyl]-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolidine and its mononuclear iron(III) complex, [Fe(L)](ClO4), L = N, N′-bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-triethylenetetramine have been synthesized and their crystal structures determined. Minimum energy conformations of the ligand were calculated (MOPAC, AM1) as a function of two torsion angles and the results compared with optimized crystal structure. The ligand (H3L′) reacts with Fe(ClO4)2 · 6H2O in aqueous methanol to form the mononuclear [Fe(L)](ClO4) complex with the imidazolidine ring cleaved by hydrolysis. The complex has an N4O2 donor atom set forming a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the metal atom as established from a crystal structure determination. The terminal oxygen donor atoms occupy cis positions, and the remaining four nitrogen atoms (two cis amine and two trans imine) complete the coordination sphere.
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    The synthesis, crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of a dinuclear μ–pyrazolato–N,N’–bridged dinickel(II) complex of 1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)propan–2–ol
    (De Gruyter, 2004) Zeyrek, C. Tuğrul; Elmalı, Ayhan; Elerman, Y.; 0000-0001-6744-7841; TAEK-ANAEM
    The title compound [Ni2(L)(3,5 prz)], prz = pyrazolate with the formally pentadentate ligand L = 1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)propan-2-olate, was synthesized and identified using elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 29.873(4), b = 11.131(2), c = 13.166(3) Å , β = 107.770(10)°, V = 4169.0(13) Å3, Z = 4, Dcal = 1.618 Mg/m3. The nickel ions are bridged by the alkoxo group of the ligand and the N atoms of the μ-pyrazolate group. Each nickel(II) ion is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms, forming a square with trans-N2O2 geometry. The Ni···Ni distance and the Ni−O−Ni angle are 3.371(1) Å and 126.4(1)°, respectively.