II. Eurasian conference nuclear science and its application : proceedings, 16-19 September, 2002. Almaty, Kazakhstan

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Browsing II. Eurasian conference nuclear science and its application : proceedings, 16-19 September, 2002. Almaty, Kazakhstan by All Authors "8298"

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    Development, standardisation and validation of purine excretion technique for measuring microbial protein supply in yerli kara cross breed
    (National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan / Institute of Nuclear Physics, 2003) Çetinkaya, Nurcan; Yaman, S.; Özdemir, Hülya; Gücüş, Ali İhsan; Özcan, Hüseyin; Söğüt, Ali; 8298; TAEK-ANTHAM
    Three experiments were conducted to evaluate of the developed techniques for uric acid, allantoin and creatinine in Yerli Kara cross-breed cattle on farm at different feeding level locally available feed resources and linking the observed information to feed intake and to assess of protein nutrition status of Yerli Kara cross-breed dairy cattle using urinary PD and creatinine excretion. In Experiment I. Response of daily PD excretion to feed intake in Yerli Kara crossbreed on state farm was measured. Animals were fed a mixed diet containing 30% wheat straw and 70% compounded feed. The diet contained 90% DM, its N and OM contents were 124 and 950 g/kg DM, respectively. In Experiment II. Spot urine sampling techniques was applied at state farm. Four Yerli Kara cross-breed bulls live weight with a mean of 211±41.3 kg were used. Experimental design, feeding and diet were the same as in Experiment I. The treatments were allocated according to a 4x4 Latin Square design. In Experiment III. Spot urine sampling techniques was applied at smallholder farms. Compound feed containing 65% barley, 25% bran, 6% sunflower seed meal, 3% marmer dust and 1% mineral and vitamin mixture (120 g/kg DM-Crude Protein and 950 g/kg DM-Organic Matter)- was offered total in between 2 to 3 kg in two parts one in the morning (07:30 h) and one in the afternoon (17:00 h). Compound feed ingredients were similar given to all animals but Groups I, II and III animals were receiving 1 to 2 kg/d of straw (30 g CP/kg DM, 930g OM/kg DM), grass hay (70g CP/kg DM ,915 g OM/kg DM), straw and grass hay respectively. There were significant correlations (R²=0.99) between PD excretion (mmol/d) and DOMI (kg/d) for YK-C cattle. PD exceretion (mmol/d) was plotted against PD: Creatinin W0.75 to obtain slope and use as constant for the estimation of daily PD exceretion from spot sampling from animals held by small holders. The equation could be expressed as: PD (mmol/d)= -2.3+0.953 ([PD]:[C]xW0.75). The constant (C)-the slope as mmol/kg W0.75 was 0.953.The coefficient of variation (CV) for the uric acid, allantion, PD, creatinine, total-N, PD:CxW0.75 (PDC Index) in spot urine samples of four treatments were less than 5%. Developed banding system can be used for YK and YK-C cattle for the spot urine sample measurement.There were not significant difference for each parameter between the spot urine sampling times of Groups I, II and III. The corresponding microbial-N values to PDC Index of groups I. II and III were 15-25 g/d. Experimentaly estimated DOMI was 2.21±0.15 kg/d. By using the equation (DOMI= 344+48.7xPDC Index) estimated DOMI (g/d) of groups I, II, and III were 2.8±0.6, 2.6±0.7 and 2.7±0.7 respectively. CV% of Groups I, II and III were 22, 27 and 26% respectively. In conclusion, the PDC Index in spot urine samples could be used under farm condition as an indicator of microbial protein supply in YK-C cattle, and also DOMI can be estimated from PDC Index in spot urine samples under field conditions.
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    Practical application of food irradiation in Turkey
    (National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan / Institute of Nuclear Physics, 2003) Çetinkaya, Nurcan; İç, Erhan; 8298; TAEK-ANTHAM
    Turkey is the world’s leading producer and exporter of dried fruits (dried figs, raisins, and dried apricots etc.) and nuts (hazelnuts, walnuts, pistachios, peanuts etc.) all of which have to be fumigated by methyl bromide a few times prior to export. Last fumigation is obligatory before shipment according to current quarantine treatment. Methyl Bromide (MeBr) fumigation is the most commonly used insect quarantine treatment for dried fruits and nuts in Turkey to protect from potential infestations. In accordance with the Montreal Protocol, Turkey as an Article 5(1) country will take actions to regulate and take measures to phase-out MeBr use. So, Turkey has to total phase-out in 2015 but according to Turkey MeBr Phase-out Action Plan prepared and published by The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs in 2001, using MeBr should be reduced for stored commodities by 50% by 2002 and phased-out totally by 2004. Irradiation technology is ready as an alternative to MeBr fumigation under the Action Plan of Turkey. Intensive research studies on food irradiation in Turkey have started in early 1970's and have still been continued. After careful and intensive works of all related authorities and specialists for a long period and with the help of ICGFI, the food irradiation regulation of Turkey was published in Official Newspaper on November 6, 1999. Having the Food Irradiation Regulation has supported to initiate commercialization study in Turkey in Co-operation with IAEA (TUR 5022). Feasibility study of a commercial food irradiation facility for the potential application of food irradiation in Turkey was prepared by IAEA experts Dr.M.Ahmed and Ir. J.P.Lacroix and together with TUR 5022 Research Team in April 2001 in Izmir, Turkey. Gamma-Pak Irradiation Facility in Cerkeskoy-Tekirdag got the commercial food irradiation license and registration certificate in Feb. 2002. Practical application of food irradiation is getting more attraction in Turkey in parallel with other countries.