Browsing by All Authors "Halitligil, Mahmut Basri"
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Achievements obtained in agricultural research by using nuclear techniques in Turkey(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TÜDNAEM, 2002) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; TAEK-ANTHAMItem Comparison of soil organic matter accumulations under various soil management systems in vetch-wheat versus wheat-wheat rotaions in Central Anatolia using nuclear techniques(Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Institute of Radiation Problems ve Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 2006) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; Kışlal, Hakan; TAEK-SANAEMWith this research work the quantitative estimation of soil organic matter dynamics, water and nitrogen use efficiencies in wheat-wheat and vetch-wheat (where vetch is green manured at 10 % flowering stage) rotation systems will be compared by using 13C and 15N techniques. Specific objectives of this research work includes a) to find out the water and nitrogen use by wheat in vetch-wheat rotation, thus to find out the soil moisture conservation , b) to find out the influence of the soil organic matter by green manuring of vetch, c) to trace the quantitative soil carbon change in vetch-wheat rotation in the long run d) to find out the effects of different irrigation and N fertilization rates to wheat yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies by using neutron probe water balance method and 15N techniques, respectively, d) to find out the N2-fixation (using isotope dilution method) of vetch in vetch-wheat rotation. Significantly higher grain and stover wheat yields were obtained in the first year when irrigation was done and the N rate was increased. Nitrogen use efficiency of wheat increased with irrigation. Also, the N2- fixation of vetch at 10 % flowering (just before plowing down into the soil) in vetch-wheat rotation had been quantified by using wheat as reference crop. As expected with higher N rates and no irrigation less N2- fixation was obtained. Soil 13C analysis were done by IAEA Seibersdorf laboratoiy on the soil samples taken from different depths.of all treatments for the first year experiments. In the begining of the second year (October 2005) wheat was the only crop sown in both rotations. Soil moisture readings, were done every month and are still continuing. The harvest of wheat will be relaized in July 2006. Then we will have the wheat dry matter yields (both grain and stover), also the total nitrogen and 15N analysis will be done on the wheat plant samples that will be taken at harvest, and thus we will have the second year data on nitrogen and water use of wheat. Also, soil samples will be collected from different depths for 13C analysis. After all the data for the second year are obtained and analyzed the conclusions drawn will be reported.Item Drip irrigation and fertigation of potato under light-textured soils of Cappadocia Region(National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan / Institute of Nuclear Physics, 2003) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; Onaran, Hüseyin; Munsuz, Nuri; Kışlal, Hakan; Akın, Ali İbrahim; Ünlenen, Abdullah Levent; Çaycı, Gökhan; Kütük, Cihat; TAEK-ANTHAMIn order to evaluate potato respone to drip irrigation and N fertigation; and also to improve nitrogen and water use efficiencies of potato and eventually to obtain less nitrogen polluted surface and ground water, 10 field experiments were carried out at three different locations in Cappodocia Region of Turkey in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. Nitrogen as ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2So4], was supplied through drip irrigation water (fertigation) at rates of 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N/da. Also, soil N application treatment equivalent to the fertigation treatment of 60 kg N/da was included. These five treatments were investigated in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Agria potato variety was used in all experiments and potato was planted in mid May and harvested at the end of October. 15N-labelled ammominum sulphate fertilizer were applied in isotope-sub plots within the macroplots for each treatment in order to determine the amount of nitrogen taken up by the plant, nitrogen use efficiency and the distrubution of residual nitrogen at different depths in the soil profile. Each year during the growth period 12 irrigations were done and 50 mm of water was applied at each irrigation. At harvest, plant samples (tuber and leaf+vein) and soil samples were taken and % N, % 15N atom excess (% 15N a.e.) and % Ndff determinations were done. Soil water contents at different soil depths were determined by soil moisture neutron probe at planting and at harvest so that water contents at different soil layers and water use efficiencies were calculated for each treatment. The results obtained showed that 3350 kg/da mean total marketable tuber yield was obtained with application of 600 mm irrigation water. Also, it was found that water did not move below 90 cm of soil layer in drip irrigationfertigation system, which showed clearly that no nitrogen movement occurred beyond 90 cm soil depth. Tuber yields and % Ndff increased when nitrogen is applied with drip irrigation-fertigation system in comparision to the application to the soil and then drip irrigation. At harvest, more nitrogen was accumulated at shallower depths with fertigation treatments.Item Niğde iklim koşullarında değişik münavebe sistemlerinde patatesin azotlu gübre ve su kullanımlarının, toprağın organik madde ve strüktür stabilite değişimlerinin incelenmesi(Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, 2014) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; Kışlal, Hakan; Babahanoğlu, Nejdet; Durna, Yüksel; Şirin, Hamza; Sönmez, Bülent; Mertcan, Muhittin Taygun; Kale, Sema; Ergül, Fakı; Onaran, Hüseyin; Nam, Murat; TAEK-SANAEMOrganik madde miktarı düşük olan Niğde-Nevşehir yöresinin hafif bünyeli topraklarında çiftçiler çoğunlukla patates-patates veya buğday-patates münavebe sistemlerini kullanmaktadırlar. Bu araştırma patates için kullanılan azotlu gübre ve sulama suyu miktarlarının azaltılması aynı zamanda toprakların az olan organik madde miktarının arttırılmasının ve strüktür stabilitesinin iyileştirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Bunun için Niğde’de uygulanan iki yeni münavebe sistemlerinde (MF-P-B-MF-P ve Y-Y-P) (15N) etiketli gübre, enviroscan, nötron prob ve tansiyometre kullanarak bitkilerin azot ve su kulanımları ve toprak organik madde durumları belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçlarla Niğde Patates Araştırma Enstitüsü arazisinde ilk dört yıllık münavebe döneminde N0ve N-ı uygulamalarını içeren bir Pilot ve bir de Demastrasyon olmak üzere iki ayrı deneme kurulmuş ve azot dozları her iki denemede de N(0)= 0 kg N/ha (Gübresiz), N(1)= 10 kg N/ha (Fiğ için), N(1)= 30 Kg/ha (Yonca için), N(1)= 250 kg N/ha (Patates için) N(1) = 150 kg N/ha (Buğday için) olarak tatbik edilmiştir. Küçük ebattaki Pilot denemesinin sadece N(1) uygulamasındaki her parsele her bir bitki için belirlenmiş olan azot dozları ve tatbik zamanlarında % 10.0 atom excess miktarında zenginleştirilmiş (15)N etiketli amonyum sülfat gübresi bitkilerin topraktan aldıkları azot miktarlarını belirleyebilmek için uygulanmıştır. Aynı denemedeki N(0) uygulama parsellerine ise hiç bir bitki için hiç bir zaman azotlu gübre tatbiki yapılmamıştır. Ayrıca, N-ı uygulaması parsellerinin her birine 10, 30, 60 ve 90 cm derinliklerinde enviroscan probları; 90 cm derinliğinede nötron prob ve tansiyometre tübleri değişik toprak derinliklerindeki su miktarlarını belirleyebilmek için yerleştirilmiştir. Pilot denemesinin her bir parselinden ekimden önce ve hasattan hemen sonra 0-5, 510, 10-30, 30-60 ve 60-90 cm derinliklerinden toprak örnekleri alınarak bunlarda % organic madde miktarı ve strüktür stabilitesinide içeren tüm fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Büyük ebattaki Demostrasyon denemesinde ise etiketsiz amonyum sülfat gübresi belirlenmiş dozlarda ve zamanlarda sadece biki verimlerinin tayin edilebilmesi için tatbik edilmiştir. İkinci dört yıllık münavebe döneminde ise sadece pilot denemesi Patates-Buğday-Patates (P-B-P) ve Yonca-Yonca-Patates (Y-Y-P) münavebe sistemleri ile devam ettirilmiştir. İlk dört yıllık münavebe döneminde elde edilen bulgular şöyle özetlenebilir: a) Yörede daha önce tek patates bitkisi yetiştirilen tarla denemelerinde 600 kg N/ha amonyum sülfat gübresi ve 600 mm suyun damla sulama-fertigasyon sistemiyle tatbik edilerek ortalama 36 ton/ha patates yumru verimi alınmışken [13], bunun aksine bu araştırma ile sadece 250 kg N/ha amonyum sülfat gübresi ve 704 ve 855 mm sulama suyun damla sulama- fertigasyon sistemini ile sırasıyla MF-P-B-MF-P ve Y-Y-P münavebe sistemlerinde kullanılmasıyla sırasıyla 31 ve 29 ton/ha patates yumru verimi elde edilmiştir. Bu durum her iki münavebe sisteminde tatbik edilen su miktarının çok az artığını ortaya koymakla birlikte azotlu gübre kullanımı açısından yaklaşık 2,5 misli bir azalmanın sağlanabileceğini göstermiştir, b) Bu araştırmada da daha evelki araştırmamızı [13], doğrular şekilde damla sulama ile tatbik edilen suyun toprak içerisinde 60 cm deriliğinin altına inmediğini tansiyometre okumaları göstermiştir, c) MF-P-B-MF-P münavebesine kıyasla Y-Y-P münavebesinde bilhassa 30-60 ve 60-90 cm derinliklerinde hem organik madde miktarlarında hemde toprak strüktür stabilitesinde önemli artışlar gözlenmiştir. Bu durum da yonca köklerinin toprak içerisinde daha derinliklere ulaşabildiğini ve organik madde miktarını arttırarak strtüktür stabilitesini iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir. İkinci dört yıllık münavebe döneminde elde edilen bulgular şöyle özetlenebilir: a) patatese 250 kg N/ha amonyum sülfat gübresi ve 650 ve 805 mm sulama suyun damla sulama-fertigasyon sistemini ile sırasıyla P-B-P ve Y-Y-P münavebe sistemlerinde kullanılmasıyla sırasıyla 37 ve 44 ton/ha patates yumru verimi elde edilmiştir. Bu durum her iki münavebe sisteminde tatbik edilen su miktarının çok az artığını ortaya koymakla birlikte azotlu gübre kullanımı açısından yaklaşık 3 milsi bir azalmanın sağlanabileceğini göstermiştir, b) P-B-P münavebesine kıyasla Y-Y-P münavebesinde bilhassa 30-60 ve 60-90 cm derinliklerinde hem organik madde miktarlarında hemde toprak strüktür stabilitesinde önemli artışar gözlenmiştir. Bu durum da yonca köklerinin toprak içerisinde daha derinliklere ulaşabildiğini ve organik madde miktarını arttırarak strüktür stabilitesini iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir.Item Nitrogen and water regime effects on corn yields determined by N-15 tracer technique(National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan / Institute of Nuclear Physics, 2003) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; Akın, Ali İbrahim; TAEK-ANTHAMThis investigation was carried out to determine the relationships between fertilizer nitrogen leaching and N fertilizer application time, method and irrigation rate by using 15N methodology. Therefore, in the field experiments, the effects of three factors namely; a) irrigation rates (optimum 240 mm, high 360 mm), b) N application times (all at planting, 1/2 at planting and 1/2 after planting when plant heights were 50 cm), c) N application methods (sidedress and broadcast) were investigated. The field experiments were conducted using randomized block desing as split-split plot with 4 replications. As the test plant hybrid corn (TUM-82-2) was sowed on a 0.80 m row spacing and 0.25 m seed spacing. Nitrogen was applied 120 kgN/ha to the all treatments as urea fertilizer (46 % N). In addition, to the subplots (which received half of N at planting and the other half when plant heights were 50 cm) 15N labelled urea (2.63 % 15N atom excess as 120 kgN/ha) was applied. After harvesting, total N and 15N analyses were done for different plant parts and soil samples. The results showed us that the seed and total yields were increased with higher (360 mm) irrigation. When N application was sidedressed the availability of N was increased, and also its’ loss by leaching from the active root zone was decreased. In conclusion, it was observed that at high irrigation rate was saved about 84 kgN/ha by sidedressing rather than broadcasting of the applied N fertilizer.Item Nitrogen utilization of vegetables grown under plastic greenhouse in Ankara conditions using 15N technique(Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 2006) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; Kışlal, Hakan; Şirin, Hamza; Şirin, Cismi; Kiliçaslan A.; TAEK-ANTHAMIn order to find suitable varieties of tomato, pepper and cucumber for plastic greenhouse conditions in Ankara and eventually to identify the best N fertilizer rate greenhouse experiments were conducted for two years. Yazgı Fi variety for tomato, Hızır Fi variety for cucumber and Serademre 8 variety for pepper were chosen to be the suitable varieties to grow in the plastic greenhouse conditions in Ankara. Five N treatments [N0 = 0, N1 = 150, N2 = 300, and N3 = 450 kg N/ha; also, soil N application treatment (Nsoil) equivalent to the fertigation treatment of 300 kg N/ha was included for tomato and pepper, however N rates for cucumber was 131, 266 and 339 kg N/ha; Nsoil being 266 kg N/ha.] were investigated using 15N labeled urea ferilizer. Significantly higher marketable fresh fruit and total dry matter yields and N uptakes values were obtained from N3 treatments for tomato and cucumber, but from N2 treatment for pepper. Also, significantly higher yields, N uptakes and % NUE values were obtained when the same amount of N fertilizer is applied through fertigation compared to the treatment where N fertilizer applied to the soil then drip irrigated.Item Nuclear techniques used in agricultural research in Turkey(Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 2000-10) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; TAEK-ANTHAMItem Nuclear techniques used in soil fertility and plant nutrition(Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 2006) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; TAEK-ANTHAMNuclear techniques, which include the usage of radioactive and stable isotopes, had been used in soil fertility, plant nutrition, plant breeding, plant protection and food preservation research works after 1950s. Ultimately these nuclear techniques contributed greatly in increased plant production [1], In general, it is possible to separate the nuclear techniques used in soil fertility and plant nutrition into to groups [2], The first group is the use of radioactive and stable isotopes as a tracer in order to find out the optimum fertilization rate of plants precisely. The second group is the use of neutron probe in determining the soil moisture at different periods of the growing season and at various soil depths precisely without any difficulty. In research works where conventional techniques are used, it is not possible to identify how much of the nutrient taken up by the plant came from applied fertilizer or soil. However, when tracer techniques are used in research works it is possible to identify precisely which amount of the nutrient taken from fertilizer or from soil. Therefore, the nuclear techniques are very important in finding out which variety of fertilizer and how much of it must be used [3], The determination of the soil moisture is very important in finding the water needs of the plants for a good growth. Soil moisture contents changes often during the growth period, so it must be determined very frequently in order to determine the amount of irrigation that has to be done. Conventional soil moisture determination (gravimetric method) is very laborious especially when it has to be done frequently. However, by using neutron probe soil moisture determinations can be done very easily any time during the plant growth period.Item Water utilization of vegetables grown under plastic greenhouse conditions in Ankara using neutron probe technique(Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 2006) Halitligil, Mahmut Basri; Kışlal, Hakan; Şirin, Hamza; Şirin, Cismi; Kılıçaslan, A.; TAEK-ANTHAMIn order to find suitable varieties of tomato, pepper and cucumber for plastic greenhouse conditions in Ankara and ensure both higher yields and lower NO3 leaching greenhouse experiments were conducted for three years. In the first year (2001) of the experiment four different varieties from each vegetable, namely, Tomato (Ecem F1, 9920 F1, 2116 F1 and Yazgı F1), Cucumber (Hızır F1; Rapido, Hana, and Luna) and Pepper (1245 F1, 730 F1, Serademre 8 and 710 F1) had been grown in the plastic greenhouse using drip irrigation-fertigation system. Yazgı F1 variety for tomato, Hızır F1 variety for cucumber and Serademre 8 variety for pepper were chosen to be the suitable varieties to grow in the plastic greenhouse conditions in Ankara. One access tube in each N3 and N0 treatment plots of tomato, cucumber and pepper in 2002 and 2003 experiments were installed for the soil moisture determinations at 30, 60 and 90 cm depths. Readings with the neutron probe were taken before planting and after harvest for the water consumption calculations using the water balance approach and the WUE was calculated on the basis of the ratio of dry matter weight to the amount of water consumed. Tensiometer and suction cups were installed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm depths only to N1, N2 and N3 treatments plots of each vegetable in 2002 and 2003. Tensiometer readings were taken just before irrigation. Also, soil solution samples from suction cups were taken at final harvest and NO3 determinations were done with RQFLEX nitrate test strips. Significantly higher yields and WUE values were obtained when the same amount of N fertilizer is applied through fertigation compared to the treatment where N fertilizer applied to the soil then drip irrigated. The nitrate concentrations of the soil solution increased as the N rates increased and no NO3 had been found in the soil solution taken from 75 cm soil depth, indicating that no leaching of N fertilizer occurred beyond 75 cm soil depth.