Konutlarda radon ölçümleri
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Date
2014
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
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Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu
Abstract
İnsanların doğal kaynaklardan ışınlanmalarına en büyük katkı, topraktan yayınlanan ve ev içlerinde biriken radon gazından ileri gelmektedir. Radon (222Rn), uranyumun (238U) bozunma serisinden gelen ve radyumun (226Ra) bozunma ürünü olan, doğal olarak oluşan radyoaktif bir gazdır. Bir soy gaz olarak radon, insan duyuları ile algılanamaz ve serbestçe atmosfere yayılır. Uranyum yerkabuğunun doğal bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle radyum ve radon da doğal olarak ortamda bulunmaktadır. Radon 3,8 gün yarı ömrü ile kısa yarı ömürlü ürünlerine bozunur. Bu kısa yarı ömürlü izotoplar kimyasal olarak aktif katı parçacıklardır ve havada asılı kalmış parçacıklara tutunurlar. Radonun olduğu her yerde mevcut olup, radon gibi insan duyuları ile algılanamazlar. Solunumla akciğere yerleşirler ve yayınladıkları alfa parçacıkları ile akciğerin ışınlanmasına, doz almasına neden olurlar (UNSCEAR, 1988) [2]. Radonun, akciğer kanseri nedeni olarak sigaradan sonra ikinci sırada yer aldığı bilinmektedir. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar, radon seviyesinin konutlarda nispeten düşük olmasına rağmen, ev içi radon ışınlanması ile akciğer kanseri arasında bir bağıntı olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır (NRC, 1999) [3]. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, konutlarda radona maruz kalmanın sağlık etkilerine, ilk kez 1979 yılında ev içi hava kalitesi konusunda oluşturulan Avrupa çalışma grubu ile dikkat çekmiştir. Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde, ülke çapında radon konsantrasyon seviyelerini belirleme çalışmaları yapılmış ve yayınlanmıştır. (WHO, 2009) [4]. Radona maruz kalma Uluslararası Radyasyondan Korunma Komitesi (ICRP) tarafından sınırlandırılmış ve binalarda yıllık ortalama radon konsantrasyonu için bir eylem seviyesi önerilmiştir (ICRP, 1993) [5]. Bu raporda, radon hakkında genel bilgi verilmiş, Türkiye çapında il ve ilçelerde yapılan ev içi radon konsantrasyon seviyelerini belirleme çalışmaları anlatılmış ve Türkiye’nin radon haritası hazırlanmıştır.
A significant contribution to natural exposure in humans is due to radon gas, which emanates from the soil and may concentrate in dwellings. Radon (222Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas that forms in uranium (238U) decay series, and also decay product of 226Ra. As a noble gas, radon cannot be detected by human senses and move freely into the atmosphere. Uranium is a natural part of the earth's crust. Therefore, radium and radon are also naturally present. 222Rn decays with a 3.8 days half- life into the short lived particles. These short-lived isotopes are chemically active solids and attach themselves to aerosol particles. They are present in any environment where radon is found and, like radon, can not be detected by human senses. Inhalation of these particles, which are deposited in the lung, receives doses from subsequent ionizing a particle emission (UNSCEAR, 1988) [2], Radon is known as the second cause of lung cancer in the general population, after smoking. Epidemiological studies have provided convincing evidence of an association between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, even at the relatively low radon levels commonly found in residential buildings (NRC, 1999) [3]. The World Health Organization first drew attention to the health effects from residential radon exposures in 1979, through a European working group on indoor air quality. Nationwide surveys concerning radon concentration levels have been carried out in many countries of the world and have been reported in literature (WHO, 2009) [4]. The radon exposure was limited and an action level related to the annual mean concentration of radon in a building was recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1993. (ICRP, 1993) [5]. In this report, general knowledge was given about radon, indoor air 222Rn concentrations were determined in dwellings of Turkey and radon map of Turkey was prepared.
A significant contribution to natural exposure in humans is due to radon gas, which emanates from the soil and may concentrate in dwellings. Radon (222Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas that forms in uranium (238U) decay series, and also decay product of 226Ra. As a noble gas, radon cannot be detected by human senses and move freely into the atmosphere. Uranium is a natural part of the earth's crust. Therefore, radium and radon are also naturally present. 222Rn decays with a 3.8 days half- life into the short lived particles. These short-lived isotopes are chemically active solids and attach themselves to aerosol particles. They are present in any environment where radon is found and, like radon, can not be detected by human senses. Inhalation of these particles, which are deposited in the lung, receives doses from subsequent ionizing a particle emission (UNSCEAR, 1988) [2], Radon is known as the second cause of lung cancer in the general population, after smoking. Epidemiological studies have provided convincing evidence of an association between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, even at the relatively low radon levels commonly found in residential buildings (NRC, 1999) [3]. The World Health Organization first drew attention to the health effects from residential radon exposures in 1979, through a European working group on indoor air quality. Nationwide surveys concerning radon concentration levels have been carried out in many countries of the world and have been reported in literature (WHO, 2009) [4]. The radon exposure was limited and an action level related to the annual mean concentration of radon in a building was recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1993. (ICRP, 1993) [5]. In this report, general knowledge was given about radon, indoor air 222Rn concentrations were determined in dwellings of Turkey and radon map of Turkey was prepared.
Description
TENMAK D.N.. 10023
Keywords
Radon -- Home, Radon -- Ev, Radiation, Radyasyon, Radon in houses, Evlerde radon, Turkey radon map, Türkiye radon haritası
Citation
Çelebi, N., Ataksor, B. ve Taşkın, H. (2014). Konutlarda radon ölçümleri. Ankara : Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu.