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A computer program to help for resolution of complex and poorly resolved Cu2+ and VO2+ ions doped single EPR spectra
(Taylor & Francis, 2009-11-01) Bıyık, Recep; Çemberci, Mustafa; Tapramaz, Recep; 0000-0001-7929-4395; TAEK-ÇNAEM
Complex and poorly resolved Cu2+ and VO2+ doped single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are some of the serious problems that exist in this area. In order to help the resolution of this sort of spectra, and for easily resolvable spectra as well, a versatile computer program known as EPR RESolution, or EPRES, is presented. All detectable line positions in the single-crystal spectra taken in three mutually perpendicular planes are given as input. The program plots these line positions. The user then manually determines the lines by selecting the true data points on the plot and fitting them to a well-known variation function. If selection is not suitable, the process is canceled and renewed. By this process, as many resolvable lines as in the spectra can be resolved and determined. The user then groups the resolved lines according to the paramagnetic center to which they belong. This includes the attribution of correct nuclear spin I and MI to correct lines. After this step, hyperfine and g tensor elements can be found, constructed, and diagonalized. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher’s online edition of Spectroscopy Letters for the following free supplemental resource: a copy of the EPRES computer program.]
A portable fast neutron radiography system for nondestructive analysis
(SCİENDO, 2019) Kam, Erol; Reyhancan, İskender Atilla; Bıyık, Recep; 0000-0001-7929-4395; TAEK-ÇNAEM
Depending on the neutron energy used, neutron radiography can be generally categorized as fast and thermal neutron radiography. Fast Neutron Radiography (FNR) with neutron energy more than 1 MeV opens up a new range of possibilities for a nondestructive inspection when the inspected object is thick or dense. Other traditional techniques, such as X-ray, gamma ray and thermal neutron radiography do not meet FNRs penetration capabilities in this area. Because of these distinctive features, this technique used in different industrial applications such as security (cargo investigation for contraband such as narcotics, explosives and illicit drugs ), gas/liquid flow and mixing, radiography and tomography of encapsulated heavy shielded low Z compound materials. The FNR images are produced directly during exposure; the neutrons create recoil protons, the protons activate a scintillator screen, the images can be collected with a computer controlled charge –coupled device (CCD) camera and finally the picture can be saved on a computer for the image processing. The aim of this research is to set up a portable fast neutron radiography (FNR) system and to test it for use in nondestructive testing of different composite materials. Experiments were carried out by using fast portative neutron generator Thermo Fischer MP320.
A review of the TAEA proficiency test on natural and anthropogenic radionuclides activities in black tea
(Elsevier B.V., 2018-04) Yeltepe, Emin; Şahin, Namık Kemal; Aslan, Nazife; Hult, Mikael; Özçayan, Gülten; Wershofen, Herbert; Yücel, Ülkü; TAEK-SANAEM
A proficiency test amongst 15 Turkish laboratories with participation of 5 non-Turkish laboratories was organized to determine the 137Cs, 40K and 90Sr massic activities in black tea powder samples. The bulk material, consisting of tea produced in 2014, was mixed with contaminated tea that was withdrawn from the market after the Chernobyl accident. Nineteen laboratories reported 41 results. The evaluation of the results was based on the accuracy and precision criteria adopted by the IAEA Proficiency Testing Group and resulted in 49% acceptable results, 19% acceptable with warning and 32% were found to be not acceptable.
A Simple Synthesis of 2,2'-Azobis[(15-crown-5)- eno[g]quinoxaline]
(Chemische Berichte, 1986) Gül, Ahmet; Okur, Ali İhsan; Can, Şevket; Bekaroğlu, Özer; TAEK-ÇNAEM
A theoretical analysis of the explanation of the significant differences in antiferromagnetic interactions between homologous μ-alkoxo and acetate bridged dicopper(II) complexes: ab initio and semi-empirical calculations
(Elsevier, 2004-07) Zeyrek, C. Tuğrul; Elmalı, Ayhan; Elerman, Y.; 0000-0001-6744-7841; TAEK-ANAEM
A magnetostructural classification of dimmers, containing the Cu (μ-alkoxo) Cu core, based on data obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis reported in the literature has been performed. In these complexes, the local geometry around the copper ions is generally a square planar and each copper ion is surrounded by one N atom and three O atoms. The influence of the overlap interactions between the bridging ligands and the metal (Cu) d orbitals on the super-exchange coupling constant has been studied by means of ab initio Restricted Hatree–Fock molecular orbital calculations. The interaction between the magnetic d orbitals and highest occupied molecular orbitals of the acetate oxygens has been investigated in homologous μ-acetato-bridged dicopper(II) complexes which have significantly different −2J values (the energy separation between the spin-triplet and spin-singlet states). In order to determine the nature of the fronter orbitals, Extended Hückel molecular Orbital calculations are also reported. Ab initio restricted Hartree–Fock calculations have shown that the acetato bridge and the alkoxide bridge contribute to the magnetic interaction countercomplementarily to reduce antiferromagnetic interaction.
Activity concentrations of 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K radionuclides in refinery products and the additional radiation dose originated from oil residues in Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2013-10) Parmaksız, Aydın; Ağuş, Yusuf; Bulgurlu, Figen; Bulur, Emine; Yıldız, Çiğdem; Öncü, Tolga; AAH-5187-2020; 0000-0003-4000-5175; TAEK-SANAEM
Total of 56 crude oil, refinery product, waste water, sludge and scale samples collected from three refineries were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. Except for nine samples, all refinery products samples were found below the minimum detectable activity (MDA) values. 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K activity concentrations in crude oil and refinery product samples were measured from MDA values to 11.7±4.5, 14.9±3.5, 11.6±4.5, 248.5±18.5 Bqkg-1 respectively. 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K activity concentrations in scale, sludge and water samples were measured from MDA values to 343.7±11.8, 809.2±29.0, 302.5±21.6, 623.0±80.9 Bqkg-1 respectively. Radium equivalent activities of residue samples were calculated up to 1241.8±42.4 Bq/kg. Maximum activity concentration index and alpha index were found 4.2 and 4.0 respectively. The annual effective doses of four residue samples were calculated equal or above permitted dose rate for public, i.e. 1mSv/y.
Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs radionuclides in Turkish medicinal herbs, their ingestion doses and cancer risks
(Taylor and Francis, 2014-11) Parmaksız, Aydın; Ağuş, Yusuf; AAH-5187-2020; 0000-0003-4000-5175; TAEK-SANAEM
Twenty-two medicinal herb samples, each representing a distinct species, were collected from Turkish markets and measured by the gamma spectrometric method. The activity concentration of 226Ra in medicinal herbs was found in the range of minimum detectable activity (MDA) and 15.1 ± 2.2 Bqkg−1. The activity concentration of 232Th ranged from MDA values to 3.5 ± 0.8 Bqkg−1. The activity concentration of 40K varied between 50.0 ± 16.8 and 1311.5 ± 57.3 Bqkg−1. All 137Cs activity concentrations of medicinal herbs were found to have lower than MDA values. The bone surface dose, lower large intestine and colon doses were found to be 182.9, 18.8 and 18.7 µSvy−1, respectively. The highest committed effective dose originated from the annual ingestion of 1 kg medicinal herb was calculated notably low as 9.0 µSv. The cancer risk of ingestion of medicinal herbs was found to be small enough to be neglected. The selected Turkish medicinal herbs are considered safe for human consumption.
An analysis and discussion on the concepts of state responsibility and state liability in the context of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency with transboundary effects
(Süleyman BOŞÇA, 2016-01) İnal, Arda; TAEK-NGD
As is known, nuclear related activities, by its very nature, pose special risks to individuals, property and the environment. But it is also well known that nuclear energy holds significant benefits in various fields including electricity production, medicine, agriculture etc. As a result of their both risks and benefits, nuclear related activities need to be kept under a legal regime of regulations covering a regulatory framework, authorisation, continuous control, inspection and imposing sanctions to protect health and safety of persons and the environment. Therefore, very important and various responsibilities are attributed to states via international organizations and legal instruments. For instance, in accordance with the Convention on Nuclear Safety ; “Each Contracting Party shall establish and maintain a legislative and regulatory framework to govern the safety of nuclear installations.” For another instance, states must establish or designate regulatory bodies which are financially independent, separated from the organizations for utilising or promoting nuclear energy, adequately authorised and competent to set standards and enforce them within the legal framework of the state. At the present time, there are plenty of international treaties and conventions and other instruments agreed or accepted by states and innumerable of national standards or regulations to ensure nuclear safety and security to protect individuals, property, environment and even next generations. Despite all these national and international instruments, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident occurred in Japan in 2011 and it has shown us that, nuclear accidents may occur in anytime, anywhere despite the existence of rules, standards, regulations, laws or treaties. At this very point, nuclear liability law and liability regimes come forward and concern with procedures and principles regarding compensation of the damages caused by nuclear incidents. Nuclear liability regime is fundamentally a result of international developments emerging in the nuclear energy field and a branch comprising rules regulated by states and/or international organizations. By this means, this regime becomes a junction point between national and international law principles. Throughout this paper, states’ liability or responsibility within the context of liability regimes will be analysed and discussed. In the first section, “nuclear liability” will be scrutinised and in the second section, concepts of state responsibility and state liability in case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency with transboundary effects will be analysed and discussed under international law and under nuclear law.
An EPR study of clinoptilolite from Bigadiç in Turkey
(Elsevier, 2016-01) Bıyık, Recep; Tapramaz, Recep; 0000-0001-7929-4395; TAEK-ÇNAEM
Natural and synthetic zeolites are industrial materials. They are used in many applications as food additives, molecular sieve to trap unwanted ingredients, as heavy metallic ions and groups, as shielding against radiations etc. EPR spectroscopy is a tool to characterize paramagnetic centers and radicals in the zeolite and clay type minerals. In this study natural cliptonilolite obtained from a mine in Bigadiç in western Anatolia, Turkey, was studied using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) at room temperature in natural form,following treatment of the samples: adsorbing of CO2, H2S, and SO2 gases, [Cu(H2O)6]2 ions and exposure to gamma rays. Mn atoms become paramagnetic Mn2+ ions when CO2 and H2S gases are adsorbed to clinoptilolite and when SO2 gas is adsorbed the system becomes unstable and the structure of the paramagnetic center changes with time. When Cu2+ ions are adsorbed to the Bigadiç clinoptilolite, the values of the EPR parameters are consistent with the distorted octahedral symmetry environment and after the exposure to gamma rays from a Co-60 source gives O23- radical.
An EPR study on tea: Identification of paramagnetic species, effect of heat and sweeteners
(Elsevier, 2009-10) Bıyık, Recep; Tapramaz, Recep; 0000-0001-7929-4395; TAEK-ÇNAEM
Tea (Camellia Sinensis) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, and is known to be having therapeutic, antioxidant and nutritional effects. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral studies made on the tea cultivated along the shore of Black Sea, Turkey, show Mn2+ and Fe3+ centers in green tea leaves and in black tea extract. Dry black tea flakes and dry extract show additional sharp line attributed to semiquinone radical. The origins of the paramagnetic species in black tea are defined and discussed. Effect of humidity and heat are investigated. It is observed that dry extract of black tea melts at 100 ◦C and the semiquinone radical lives up to 140 ◦C while Mn2+ sextet disappears just above 100 ◦C in tea extract. Natural and synthetics sweeteners have different effects on the paramagnetic centers. White sugar (sucrose) quenches the Mn2+ and semiquinone lines in black tea EPR spectrum, and glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose quench Fe3+ line while synthetic sweeteners acesulfam potassium, aspartame and sodium saccharine do not have any effect on paramagnetic species in tea.
Application of CNUREAS and MCNP5 codes to VVER-1000 MOX core computational Benchmark
(Elsevier, 2015) Şentürk Lüle, Senem; Özdemir, Levent; Erdoğan, Adem; TAEK-ÇNAEM
In order to strengthen the nuclear design calculation capacity in Turkey, CNUREAS (Cekmece Nuclear Reactor System) was developed to provide easy usage of neutronic and thermal hydraulic nuclear codes included in the CNUREAS package. It was tested and used for research reactors and PWR type power reactors. Modifications were performed to add hexagonal geometry support taking into account VVER type reactors employing hexagonal fuel assemblies that will be built in Turkey. “VVER-1000 MOX Core Computational Benchmark” was used to test new features of the CNUREAS. The maximum deviation in effective multiplication factor results of CNUREAS was 0.7% with deterministic codes and 1.5% with Monte Carlo codes. It was concluded that CNUREAS can be used for neutronic calculations of VVER type power reactors with appropriate cross section libraries and deterministic and Monte Carlo techniques give comparable results when both provided with appropriate cross section libraries.
Average glandular doses and national diagnostic reference levels in mammography examinations in Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2020-05) Parmaksız, Aydın; Ataç, G. K.; Bulur, Emine; İnal, Tolga; Alhan, Aslıhan; AAH-5187-2020; 0000-0003-4000-5175; TAEK-Radyasyon ve Hızlandırıcı Teknolojileri Dairesi Başkanlığı
In order to establish National Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) for mammography examinations, Entrance Skin Air Kerma (ESAK), Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) and Average Glandular Doses (AGDs) were calculated for a total of 25624 cranio-caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) projections of 6309 patients for 40-49 and 50-64 age groups. The average ESAK and ESD values for both age groups were found to be higher in MLO projections compared to CC projections. The minimum and maximum values of AGDs were determined as 0.4 mGy and 7.9 mGy for both projections. The maximum numbers of AGDs for CC and MLO projections were calculated in the range of 1.1-1.5 mGy and 1.6-2.0 mGy respectively. The third quartile values of AGDs were calculated for each compressed breast thickness (CBT) between 20 mm and 99 mm. The first National DRLs of the country were established for each 10 mm CBT in mammography examinations.
Characterization of mutant garlic genotypes based on volatile sulfur compounds and mineral content
(Journal of Elementology, 2022-06-18) Beşirli, Gülay; Karakan, Faika Yaralı; Sönmez, İbrahim; Çetin, Berna Ergun; Erol, Ümit Haydar; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Kunter, Burak; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7247-9116; TENMAK-Nükleer Enerji Araştırma Enstitüsü-Ankara
This study was conducted to determine volatile sulfur compounds and mineral content of mutant garlic genotypes. The volatile sulfur compounds analysis was performed with a gas chromatography- mass spectrometer. The mineral content of mutant garlic genotypes was determined with an atomic absorption spectrometer and flame photometer. The results indicated that mutant garlic genotypes showed large variation in terms of their content of volatile sulfur compounds and minerals. A total of 16 volatile sulfur compounds were detected, which were mainly diallyl disulfide (68.09%), disulfide methyl propyl (52.34%), disulfide methyl 2-propenyl (29.81%), sulfide allyl methyl (25.72%), diallyl sulfide (22.38%) and disulfide dimethyl (9.88%). The macroand micro-elements detected in mutant garlic genotypes were K (232.45-513.25 mg L-1), Ca (2.19-7.35 mg L-1), Mg (7.38-21.64 mg L-1), Na (4.52-13.18 mg L-1), Cu (0.01-0.15 mg L-1), Fe (0.13-1.25 mg L-1), Mn (0.10-0.27 mg L-1), and Zn (0.12-0.69 mg L-1). As a result, it was determined that the content of both volatile sulfur compounds and minerals in mutant garlic genotypes was higher than in the control (cv. ‘Taşköprü 56’). The genotypes which had a higher content of both volatile sulfur compounds and minerals were GM1, GM8, GM18, GM20, GM21, GM22, GM33, GM35, GM36, GM37, GM39, GM40, GM46, and GM51. The research findings are extremely valuable in revealing the originality of mutant garlic genotypes obtained by mutation breeding, and establishing the foundation for an assessment of mutant garlic genotypes to be used in breeding programs.
Characterization of tomato genotypes by simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers
(Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2021-12-05) Aziz, Sibel; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Tomlekova, Nasya; Staykova, Teodora; Ganeva, Daniela; Sarsu, Fatma; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7247-9116; TENMAK-Nükleer Enerji Araştırma Enstitüsü-Ankara
Microsatellites are highly polymorphic regions containing gene loci represented by multiple alleles of different lengths and nucleotide sequences. The purpose of this study was to identify reproducible specific molecular profiles of tomato varieties and F1 hybrids from the collection of the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Bulgaria, and of mutant lines from the Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Turkey, by detecting polymorphic microsatellite loci as markers. The study included five varieties, four F1 hybrids Bulgarian tomato, five Turkish mutant lines, and an initial landrace analysed with 19 SSR markers located in different chromosomes of the tomato genome at a distance of 6.0 cM to 146.0 cM. Fifteen microsatellite markers were used to generate polymorphic profiles. The number of bands per microsatellite locus ranged from one to eight, with a total of 62 bands among the markers analysed. The average number of SSR alleles per locus was 3.26. The dendrogram constructed with the values of genetic distance showed that all fifteen genotypes are grouped into two major clusters. Twelve form one main cluster with subclusters, while the rest of them form the other cluster. The results of the present study complement the data on the genetic heterogeneity of tomatoes and could be useful for tomato breeding programes.
Color and ink characterization of the Ottoman diplomatics dating from the 13th to the 20th century
(De Gruyter, 2018-11) Kantoğlu, Ömer; Ergun, Ece; Kırmaz, Rıdvan; Kalaycı, Yakup; Zararsız, Abdullah; Bayır, Önder; 0000-0002-0403-5425; TAEK-SANAEM
This study investigates the colors and inks used in the diplomatics of the Ottoman Empire dating from the 13th to 20th century. Elemental and spectroscopic analyses were carried out on more than 150 diplomatics using the µ-XRF, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, but 10 of them were chosen representative for each century. In addition to the characterization of color and ink, the common or rare use of different colors and inks through ages is discussed. The results of the analysis of the Ottoman diplomatics revealed that minium, vermilion, red ochre and cochineal comprised the red color; lapis lazuli (ultramarine blue), azurite (blue verditer), Prussian blue and smalt were used as the blue color; malachite and green earth provided the green color; massicot was used as the yellow color; yellow lead constituted the orange color; and basic lead carbonate and zinc oxide were the source of the white color have been determined in the diplomatics of the Ottoman Empire. All the illuminations were ornamented with gold to demonstrate the power of Empire and also Emperor. The text script of the diplomatics were written in black, red and gold inks using iron gall- and carbon-based black ink (carbon black/soot), cochineal (red ink) and gold.
Comprehensive data concerning cosmic radiation doses at ground level and in-flights for Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2016-12) Parmaksız, Aydın; AAH-5187-2020; 0000-0003-4000-5175
Cosmic radiation doses of individuals living in 81 cities in Turkey were estimated by using CARI-6 software. Annual cosmic radiation doses of individuals were found to be between 308 and 736 µSv y−1 at ground level. The population-weighted annual effective dose from cosmic radiation was determined to be 387 µSv y−1 for Turkey. Cosmic radiation doses on-board for 137 (60 domestic and 77 international) flights varied from 1.2 to 83 µSv. It was estimated that six or over long-route round-trip air travels may cause cosmic radiation dose above the permissible limit for member of the public, i.e. 1 mSv y−1. According to the assumption of flights throughout 800 h on each route, cosmic radiation doses were found to be between 1.0 and 4.8 mSv for aircrew.
Crystal structure and magnetic exchange interaction in a binuclear copper(II) schiff base complex with a bridging m-phenylenediamine ligand
(De Gruyter, 2005) Zeyrek, C. Tuğrul; Elmalı, Ayhan; Elerman, Y.; Svoboda, I.; 0000-0001-6744-7841; TAEK-ANAEM
Condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with m-phenylenediamine (1,3-diaminobenzene) (m-pda) gives the ligand [N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-diaminobenzene] which reacts with cupric acetate to give the complex [Cu2(L-m-pda)2]·2H2O, [L = 2-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde)]. The molecular structure of the complex [Cu2(L-m-pda)2]·2H2O has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. (C44H40Cu2N4O8)·2H2O, triclinic, space group P1̄. Two [Cu(L-m-pda)] fragments, related by an inversion center, are connected by m-phenylene groups to form a binuclear unit. The coordination geometry around each copper(II) can be described as a distorted tetrahedron formed by the N2O2 donor set of the Schiff base ligands. The intramolecular Cu···Cu separation is 7.401(6) Å. The magnetic susceptibility of the complex in the 5 - 301 K temperature range can be rationalized by the parameters J = −0.4 cm−1 and g = 2.17. This indicates a weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction. Extended Hückel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations have been performed in order to gain insight into the molecular orbitals that participate in the super-exchange pathway.
Descriptive process mineralogy to evaluate physical enrich-ment potential of malatya/kuluncak rare earth ore through MLA
(2022-12) Ersoy, Burakhan; Beşirli, M. Umut; Topal, Selim; Soydaş Sözer, Belma; Burat, Fırat; TENMAK-Nadir Toprak Elementleri Araştırma Enstitüsü
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are indispensable parts of magnetic, phosphor, metal alloys, catalysts, ceramics, glass, polishing, and defense systems industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Currently, China is the largest supplier in the world with a production of more than 95% of the world’s Rare Earth Oxides (REO). To reduce the influence of China on the REE market, the countries have started to develop their national strategies for the production and use of REE-bearing resources. Within the scope of this study, particle size, chemical, MLA, XRD, and SEM-EDS analysis were performed for material character-ization, and shaking table, centrifugal, and magnetic separations were carried out for the beneficiation of Malatya/Kuluncak rare earth ore. The XRD analysis indicated that the representative sample consists of major minerals such as albite, calcite, montmo-rillonite, muscovite, titanite, kaolinite, clinochlore, and aegirine. Parisite, bastnaesite, Zr-REE-Silicate, Fe-REE-Oxide, and Ca-Ti-Nb-REE-Oxide were detected as REE-bearing minerals by MLA. The chemical analysis resulted in a ∑REO grade of 3,628 g/t and the ore consists of mostly light REE. According to the result of the gravity separation for the coarsest fraction, about 11.3% by weight of the total feed was concentrated as a heavy product assaying 6,437 g/t ∑REO. As a result of magnetic separa-tion, magnetic products with 5,561 g/t and 6,013 g/t ∑REO were obtained at coarse and fine fractions, respectively. Finally, the characterization studies and enrichment results were correlated, and very important and meaningful indications about the be-havior of REE-bearing minerals were obtained.
Determination of effect of chemical mutagen ems on TAEK A-3 and TAEK C-10 mutant soybean varieties in M1 generation
(BİSAB, 2017) Sağel, Zafer; Tutluer, İhsan; Peşkircioğlu, Hayrettin; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Kunter, Burak; TAEK-SANAEM
Ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens are also used in crop improvement and Ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) is one of the most widely used chemical mutagens in the field of plant breeding. This research work was carried out to determine the effects of chemical mutagen (EMS) on seedling height. TAEK A-3 and TAEK C-10 soybean varieties were used as the test plants and effect of pre-soaking time determined. In greenhouse field experiments five different EMS doses (0 –control-, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 1.0 M) and in greenhouse 3 pre-soaking time (0, 6 and 18 hours), in the field 2 different pre-soaking time (0 and 6 hours) were applied. After chemical mutagen application in the greenhouse germination percentage and seedling height base EMS dose and pre-soaking time effect had been determined. Effects of EMS in M1 germination of soybean for different characteristics (no. of plants, plant height, no of pods and seed yield) were determined under field conditions. As a result it can be said that in both soybean varieties, seedling height was reduced as the EMS concentration increased. But there was no distinct influence of pre-soaking time on seedling height in both soybean varieties. In both soybean varieties the average percentage of germination increased with increasing pre-soaking time. Based on results obtained in field experiment, it was concluded that by 6 hours pre-soaking the harmful physiological effect of EMS could be decreased.
Determination of effective mutagen dose for carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef and D. carota) callus cultures
(Academic Hosting & Event Management Solutions, 2019) Büyükdinç, Damla Turan; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Karataş, Arzu; İpek, Ahmet; Ellialtıoğlu, Ş. Şebnem; 46500; TAEK-SANAEM
Mutation breeding is used for plant variety, to obtain high yield, earliness, resistance to pest and diseases and also to abiotic stress conditions. Gamma radiation application in physical mutagen applications has advantages on the ease of use, the high permeability and the ability to reach the target cells and the nontoxic and harmful effects. It expanses the present variation by creating a mutation with physical mutagenesis via Co60 irradiation applied to in vitro donor plant tissues, and provides selection of variations at the cellular level in desired properties. Carrot is an important vegetable crops and in demand by the local markets throughout the year. This study was carried out to obtain a database and to determine the Effective Mutagen Dose (EMD50) in the course of mutation breeding studies on purple and orange carrots. For this aim, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gray (Gy) doses of Co60 (gamma-rays) were applied to carrots calli as a physical mutagen of 30 callus pieces (each 1 g) per dose. 4-5 weeks after irradiation, shoot development of callus were determined and EMD50 calculated by linear regression analyses. As a result of the research, it was determined that 8,36 Gy was an effective mutation dose for purple carrot and 23,605 Gy for orange carrots due to the regression analyses.

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