Nuclear and Analytical Analysis Techniques That Primarily Used to Characterization of Ancient and Historical Materials

Abstract
Cultural artifacts, from ancient manuscripts to historic artworks, are vital symbols of national heritage and identity. The characterization of ancient artifacts is crucial for applying best practices in history and archaeology, including conservation, preservation, investigation, and the prevention of illegal trade. The illicit trafficking of these invaluable objects poses a significant threat to cultural preservation. The effective repatriation of stolen or illicitly exported cultural artifacts heavily relies on non-destructive methods, such as various nuclear and analytical techniques. These methods are critical not only for verifying the authenticity of the artifacts but also for establishing their provenance and legal ownership. This chapter explores the importance of analytical methods in the repatriation process applied in all over the world, highlighting their impact on the successful return of cultural treasures to their rightful owners.
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Keywords
Nuclear techniques, Analytical techniques, Elemental analysis, Molecular analysis, Dating, Cultural heritage, Archaelogy, Characterization
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