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Item Measurement of Radon Concentration in Metro Stations of Istanbul, Türkiye(SSRN, 2024-10-24) Akkaş, Ayhan; Baş Mor, Hatice; Ataksor, Berna; Bingöldağ, Nesli; Duhan, Fatma; Köseoğlu, Şule; Altunbayrak, A.SibelThe main objective of this study was to determine the levels of radon concentrations in different metro lines in Istanbul. Measurements were conducted in underground stations of five distinct metro lines: M1A, M1B, M3, M4 and M6. Radon activity concentration (RAC) values were determined by means of measurements. The annual effective dose values were calculated for employees on the metro line and for passengers using these lines. The lowest radon concentration was found to be 15 Bq/m3, while the highest was 80 Bq/m3. It has been shown that the effective dose received by individuals from radon irradiation in underground stations does not appear to contribute significantly to the annual average effective dose. The city of Istanbul is characterised by a rugged topography, with some metro stations reaching depths of up to 40 metres below ground level. Despite this, the increasing depth of the metro stations did not result in a significant increase in radon concentration, due to the effectiveness of the ventilation systems.Item Radyonüklid Bakımından Zengin Plaj Kumlarının Mineralojik Bileşiminin Değerlendirilmesi, Geyikli-Çanakkale (Batı Anadolu) Assessment of mineralogical composition of the natural radionuclide rich beach sands in Geyikli, Çanakkale (Western Anatolia)(Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Bülteni (Bulletin of the Earth Sciences Application and Research Centre of Hacettepe University, 0021-11-24) GÜLMEZ, FATMA; YILDIRIM, AYDIN; ŞİŞMAN TÜKEL, FATMA; ÜNAL ERCAN, HATİCE; ÖRGÜN TUTAY, YÜKSEL; KARACIK, ZEKİYEBu çalışma, Batı Anadolu'da Kestanbol plütonunu da bulunduran Miyosen yaşlı Ezine-Ayvacık magmatik kompleksinin kıyısı boyunca uzanan sahilde gözlenen radyonüklid bakımından zengin plaj kumlarının mineralojik bileşimini ele almaktadır. Sahil boyunca radyonüklitlerin plaj kumlarındaki dağılımı düzensizdir. Hantepe plajında en yüksek 238U ve 232Th serisi spesifik aktiviteleri gözlenirken, 40K spesifik aktivitesi orta düzeydedir. Buna karşılık, olasılıkla Kestanbol plütonundan türeyen malzemelerin ağırlıkta olduğu güneydeki plajlarda, Hantepe plajına kıyasla daha yüksek 40K ile daha düşük 238U ve 232Th serisi spesifik aktiviteleri gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında gama spektrometresi, tüm ve noktasal jeokimya analizleri kullanılmış, kum örneklerinin mineralojik bileşimi ve Kestanbol plütonuna ait felsik damar kayaçları ile nefelin monzogabro ve tefrifonolitik dayklar gibi farklı litolojilerinin radyonüklid konsantrasyonlarının değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Hantepe plajındaki yüksek radyoaktivitenin kaynağının torit grubu mineraller olduğunu ve Kestanbol plütonunun pegmatitik damarlarının, bu minerallerin ana kayacı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte, Miyosen magmatizmasının tüm ürünlerinin farklı seviyelerde radyoelement ve radyonüklid zenginleşmeleri sergilediği, diğer kayaç yapıcı ve aksesuar minerallerin de potansiyel olarak bölgedeki yüksek doğal arka plan radyasyonuna katkıda bulunduğu değerlendirilmiştir. This study investigates the mineralogical composition of radionuclide-rich beach sands along the coast of the Miocene Ezine-Ayvacık magmatic complex including Kestanbol pluton, in Western Anatolia. The distribution of the radionuclides shows variations along the coast with the highest recorded radioactivity at Hantepe Beach, where specific activities of the 238U-, and 232Th-series are significantly high, while 40K concentrations are moderate. In contrast, the southern beaches, dominated by material from the Kestanbol pluton, have higher 40K concentrations but lower 238U-, and 232Th-series specific activities than Hantepe beach. Using gamma spectrometry, bulk geochemical, and in-situ analyses, we provide a detailed assessment of the mineralogical composition of the sand samples and the primordial radionuclide concentrations of the different lithologies within the Kestanbol pluton, such as felsic veins, nepheline monzogabbro and tephriphonolitic dykes. We suggest that thorite group minerals control the high radioactivity at Hantepe beach, and pegmatitic veins of the Kestanbol pluton are the main source rock for thorite minerals. However, all the products of Miocene magmatism in the region exhibit elevated radioelement and radionuclide contents suggesting that other accessory and rock-forming minerals are the potential contributors to the high natural background radiation in the area.Item Boron Salicylate Ester Compounds as Boron Therapeutics. Their Synthesis, Structural Characterizations and Anticancer Effects Against MDA-MB-231(SPRINGER NATURE, 2024-10-03) Bolat, Melda; Köse, Dursun Ali; Akbaba, SemaThe element boron forms a wide range of borate minerals with different properties. Borate minerals make it possible to design boron-containing molecules with new biological properties in terms of their chemical structure and properties. It is known that boron compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties. This makes boron compounds important for the future development of boron chemotherapeutics, boron supplements and new drugs. Reliable scientific studies on boron compounds will facilitate the clear presentation of their functions in its biological applications and metabolism. In this study, boron monoester and boron diester structures were synthesized with salicylic acid ligand. To stabilize boron ester structures, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ cations were used as counter-ions. Structural properties of the synthesized substances, molecules obtained by crystallization/precipitation from aqueous solutions in solid state, elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), mass analysis (GC-MS) and single crystal analysis. Structural properties were tried to be explained by structure analysis (SC-XRD) methods. Additionally, the anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters against the MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line was examined. The K-B salicylate diester molecule was found to have the most potential potency with the lowest IC50 value against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters can be further investigated with other cancer models with the combination of anticancer drugs. It is also thought that the mechanism of action of these molecules may help reveal their further applications.Item Radiation Attenuation Properties of Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride: A Comprehensive Study(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-05-13) Yıldırım, AydınThe investigation of radiation-durable materials with outstanding gamma shielding capabilities and lead-free alternatives remains a compelling area of research. This study fills a critical gap by exploring, for the first time, the radiation attenuation properties of the novel material Aluminum Oxynitride (AlON) and its shielding mechanism. Utilizing the XCOM database and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, we systematically examined AlON’s linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth-value layer, mean-free path, effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Comparing AlON to traditional shielding materials and glasses, including both lead-containing and lead-free compositions, our study suggests its superiority over concrete and lead-free glasses. At higher energies, AlON demonstrates comparability with leaddoped materials. These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential applications of AlON across diverse radiation shielding contexts. This research provides a foundational understanding of AlON’s radiation attenuation capabilities, paving the way for future exploration and practical applications in the field of gamma shielding.Item Exploring the Photoluminescence Origins of Natural Boron Mineral (Tincal) and Its Waste Byproducts(SSRN 4891422, 2024-07-10) Karacaoglu, Erkul; Yungevis, Hasan; Acikgoz, Sabriye; Gul, Mert; Ates, Esen Gul; Yildirim, CennetMany natural minerals can exhibit luminescence due to impurities and their crystal structures. Evaluating the waste generated from processing these materials presents significant research opportunities. This study explores tincal, a natural boron source, and its waste, discussing their structural and luminescence properties. Both the mineral and its waste show similar phases like dolomite and calcite. In terms of luminescence, both exhibit PL emission in the 500-650 nm range. Emphasis is placed on evaluating the waste, with heat treatment revealing notable changes. At temperatures exceeding 500°C, the waste transforms from dolomite to monticellite, causing a red-shift in PL emission to the 600-850 nm range. XPS analysis of untreated and heat-treated waste confirms elemental compositions, highlighting the influence of boron on structural changes during heat treatment, despite trace elements like Mn and Fe being undetected.Item Investigation of the Effects of Ion Sources and RF Power on the Neutron Production Rate at SNRTC-IEC Fusion Device(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-08-19) Bölükdemir, Arife Seda; Olgaç, Yeşim; Alaçakır, AliThe studies on inertial electrostatic confinement device are generally focused to increase the particle production. One way to achieve this is to increase the number of the ion source. In this study, D-D fusion reaction was carried out in the SNRTC-IEC fusion device (previously at TAEK, now re-established as TENMAK) at 85 kV cathode voltage and 5×10-4 mbar pressure, and the effect of ion sources and RF power on the neutron production rate was investigated. To ensure a high concentration of ions in the center of the cathode, three Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) deuterium ion sources were added to this device. As the number of ion sources increased from 1 to 3, the neutron production rate increased from 2.3 104 n/s to 3.6 105 n/s. Two ion source configurations were used to examine the effect of RF power. It was observed that when the RF power was increased from 40 W to 200 W the neutron production rate increased linearly from 4.6 104 n/s to 1.7 105 n/s.Item Large Field Polynomial Inflation in R2 Gravity with non-minimal coupling: Palatini formalism(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-10-11) Bostan,Nilay; Karahan, Canan; Sargın, OzanIn this paper, we employ the Palatini formalism to investigate the dynamics of large field inflation using a renormalizable polynomial inflaton potential in the context of quadratic gravity. Assuming instant reheating, we make a comparative analysis of Large Field Polynomial Inflation (LFPI). We first consider inflaton (i) minimally and (ii) nonminimally coupled to R gravity, and then we continue with inflaton (iii) minimally and (iv) non-minimally coupled to R + R2 gravity. We scan the parameter space for the inflationary predictions (ns and r) consistent with the Planck and BICEP/Keck 2018 results as well as the sensitivity forecast of the future CMB-S4 and depict the compliant regions in the ϕ0 −β plane where ϕ0 and β are two parameters of polynomial inflation model which control the saddle point of the potential and the flatness in that region respectively. Furthermore, for the polynomial potential, we display the behavior of the running of the spectral index αs ≡ dns/d ln k with respect to the spectral index ns itself for all the cases.Item In-Situ Synthesis and In-Operando XPS Characterization of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles within Liquid Electrolytes(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-07-16) Camci, Merve Taner; Oral, Pelin; Kutbay, Ezgi; Suzer, SefikMetal nanoparticles have several applications due to their unique properties that differ from bulk material. Due to their different chemical, physical and biological properties, NP’s used in optical sensors, diagnostics, electronics, health care, cosmetics, textile, pharmaceutical industry and cancer treatment, which makes synthesis of nanoparticles also important. In this project, Silver, Gold and Platinum NP’s were synthesized in situ electrochemically. Via XPS, NP’s can be determined by application of positive and negative voltages. In first experiment, for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles ionic liquid (DEME-TFSI), PEG and HAuCl4 salt mixture was used. Second experiment conducted via silver electrodes and ionic liquid DEME-TFSI for synthesis of silver NP’S. In third experiment, gold NPs were synthesized with PEG and HAuCl4 mixture. Another experiment done for synthesis of gold NPs with ionic liquid. DEME-TFSI + HAuCl4 mixture and UV-Visible Spectroscopy was used for characterization. In another experiment, for synthesis of Platinum NPs, Pt electrode, Pt wire and PEG was used. As a last experiment, silver NPs synthesized with Pt electrode, silver wire and PEG- HAuCl4 mixture. For characterization of NP’s, shifts under the applied voltage bias in C 1s and O1s, which correspond to PEG, F1 for IL and Pt 4f, Au 4f and Ag 3d binding energies that were obtained from XPS are compared. Similar shifts refers to being in the same medium, therefore when BE’s of metals shifts along with their medium (IL or PEG), it can be deduced that metal NP’s were produced within the existing liquid medium.Item FAST AND THERMAL NEUTRON REMOVAL CROSS-SECTION FOR CERAMIC GLASS ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE(Dergipark, 2024-09-08) Yıldırım, AydınThis study investigates the effectiveness of transparent aluminum oxynitride (AlON) in neutron shielding, focusing on both fast and thermal neutrons. Using conventional radiation attenuation parameters, the macroscopic neutron removal cross-sections of AlON were calculated for varying neutron energies and material thicknesses. The Geant4 simulation toolkit was employed to model and analyze the neutron interactions with AlON. The results indicate that AlON exhibits a high neutron shielding capacity for fast neutrons (2 MeV), with transmission factor values ranging from 0.783 to 0.260 for material thicknesses between 1 and 10 cm. These values are nearly identical to those for water, which range from 0.782 to 0.257, highlighting AlON's comparable performance. However, for thermal neutrons, AlON's performance was less effective, only surpassing lead but not concrete or water. The findings suggest that while AlON is highly effective for fast neutron shielding, it may require complementary materials to adequately shield thermal neutrons. This could involve using AlON in combination with other materials to create a more comprehensive neutron shielding solution. AlON shows significant potential as a neutron shielding material, particularly for fast neutrons. Its integration with additional shielding materials could enhance its overall effectiveness, making it suitable for various nuclear and radiation protection applications.Item Çin Karanfili (Dianthus chinensis L.) İçin Mutasyon Islahı Çalışmasına Yönelik Etkili Mutasyon Dozun Belirlenmesi(Dergipark, 2024-10-14) Çakın, Irmak; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Kunter, Burak; Göktuğ, AslıhanKaranfil süs bitkileri içinde mutasyon ıslahına en yatkın olan türlerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada ticari öneme sahip Çin karanfili çeşidinde (Dianthus chinensis L.) yeni çeşit geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak yürütülmesi planlanan mutasyon ıslahı çalışması için çeşide özgü etkili mutasyon dozunun belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Etkili mutasyon dozunun (EMD50) belirlenmesinde fiziksel mutagen olarak (Sezyum 137) Cs137 gamma kaynağı kullanılmıştır. Karanfil tohumlarına 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ve 600 Gy olmak üzere yedi farklı dozda ışınlama yapılmıştır. Her doz için otuz adet tohum ekilmiş olup, bu tohumların ışınlamadan 30 gün sonraki bitki gelişimleri gözlenmiştir. Işınlamadan ardından otuzuncu günde elde edilen bitkilerde sürgün gelişimine yönelik ölçümler alınmıştır. Bu ölçümlerden elde edilen ortalama veriler ile lineer regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilerek EMD50 belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuncunda 172.16 Gy’lik doz EMD50 değeri olarak tespit edilmiştir.Item Ray-Floret Based Rapid Propagation and Detection of Somatic Variation in Selected Mutant Chrysanthemum Individuals(Dergipark, 2024-09-11) KANTOĞLU, Kadriye Yaprak; KUNTER, Burak; ŞENEL,Ümran; HASPOLAT, GüldenChrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora Tzvelev) is an attractive plant species that responds well to mutation breeding research conducted worldwide. The isolation and propagation of mutant individuals are very important for detecting mutations in in vitro cultures. Using in vitro cultures, it is easy to isolate solid mutants. In this study, the homogeneous reproductive capacity of selected mutant individuals after irradiation was examined using ray floret cultures at the M1V1 stage, based on various flower colors and architectures. The explant materials were obtained from selected mutant plants with yellow, dark red, orange, and spoon-shaped ray florets cultivated in full bloom. After the determination of an effective sterilization method, the ray florets were cultured in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media, which contained 0.5 mg L-1 1-Naphthalaneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg L-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The average rate of plantlet regeneration varied depending on the genotype; mutants with yellow-colored flowers generated 0.6 plantlets per explant, those with orange-colored flowers (1.11), those with dark red-colored flowers (1.16), and those with spoon-shaped flowers (2.71). After plant regeneration, plantlets were cultured in hormone-free MS nutrient medium to ensure full-rooted plant development. The findings of this study showed that in vitro ray floret culture could be used to swiftly and successfully carry out vegetative reproduction of pot-type Brandevil mutants, which are more susceptible to in vivo cutting propagation than pot-type Chrysanthemum cultivars. In the propagating material, there were obtained four differently colored somaclonal plants, eleven partial somaclonal plants with incurved-type ray florets, eight somaclonal plants with spatulate-type florets, one somaclonal plant with a semi-double-type flower head, and two somaclonal plants with pointed and reflexing ray florets.Item Inflation and reheating predictions of minimally coupled β-exponential potential with an R2 term in the Palatini formulation(T.C. Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, 2024-08-29) Bostan, Nilay; Dejrah, Rafid H.In this work, we focus on the inflationary predictions of β-exponential potential models, where the field delineating the size of extra-dimension is represented as the inflaton. We include an R2 term in the Palatini gravity since it provides a well-motivated starting point for the analysis of physics at very high energies. Furthermore, the inflaton oscillates around the minimum of the inflation potential until the universe is reheated at the end of the inflationary epoch. This occurs during the reheating phase, at which inflaton decays into the Standard Model particles, which filled the universe. Regardingly, we extend our examination by taking into consideration the reheating effects on inflationary observables. Assuming the standard thermal history after inflation, we present the inflationary predictions, ns,r, dns/d ln k of β-exponential potential with minimal coupling in Palatini R2 gravity by considering the reheating cases. We show that this specific kind of model allows one to study a wide range of predictions to have a better analysis for the inflationary era by adjusting the model parameters, α, β, λ. In addition, different kinds of constraints from a variety of observations, such as BICEP/Keck, Planck 2018, the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), as well as future possible detectable constraints by CMB-S4 are taken into consideration in this study. We find that our results are in good agreement with the recent data and sensitivity forecast for the future CMB-S4.Item Metabolite profiling of four Tunisian Eucalyptus essential oils and assessment of their insecticidal and antifungal activities(Elsevier, 2023-11-16) Khedri, Sana; Khammassi, Marwa; Bouhachem, Sonia Boukhris; Pieracci, Ylenia; Mabrouk, Yassine; Seçer, Emine; Amri, Ismail; Flamini, Guido; Hamrouni, LamiaAphids (Aphidoidea) and Fusarium spp. are widely recognized as destructive pests that cause significant damage to crops on a global scale. This study aimed to ascertain the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of four Tunisian Eucalyptus species and evaluate their toxicity against common aphids and phytopathogenic fungi. The EOs were obtained via hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed using GC-MS. The chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of five distinct chemical classes in the EOs: monoterpene hydrocarbons (3.8–16.7 %), oxygenated monoterpenes (5.5–86.0 %), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.2–2.2 %), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.2–86.7 %), and non-terpene derivatives (0.1–14.1 %).Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of the Eucalyptus leaf EOs highlighted significant differences among them, leading to the generation of distinct HCA clades representing at least twelve major components. The statistical analysis clearly demonstrated a dose-response relationship, indicating the impact of the tested EOs on the growth of insects and fungal mycelium. The observed effects varied due to the variability in the chemical compositions of the EOs. Notably, among the EOs tested, Eucalyptus lesoufii Maiden exhibited particularly potent effects against the targeted insect and fungal species. This research contributes to the ongoing explo- ration of natural alternatives to chemical pesticides, providing further insights for potential in- dustrial applications. It underscores the versatility of these EOs and their potential as valuable candidates in strategies for pest and disease management.Item The study of dosimetric properties of sulfanilic acid in low radiation dose range using the ESR technique(Taylor&Francis, 2024-01-26) Tepe Çam, SemraThe development of new dosimeters with good dosimetric proper-ties is important for quality control in radiation applications. In thisstudy, the potential of sulfanilic acid (C6H7NO3S) powder form, as adosimeter in low-dose ionizing radiation (<30 Gy), was analyzed byan Electron Spin Resonance spectrometer (Bruker EMX-131 X-band).Gamma irradiations were performed at room temperature (290 K)using a60Co gamma cell supplying a dose rate of 32 Gy/h and Xphoton irradiations at 6 and 18 MV energies were performed usinga variant DHX model clinical linear accelerator (Linac) at a dose rateof 3 Gy/min. While unirradiated (control) sulfanilic acid exhibited noESR signal, the irradiated sample showed a single-line ESR spectrumspread over a magnetic field range of 100 G, as shown in Figure2.Variations of the peak heights with the sample mass irradiated at2 Gy gamma dose were studied in the range of 130–330 mg. The ESRsignal intensity observed at g-factor=2.0053 of this compound isdependent on sample mass, so∼250 mg was chosen at each step ofthe study. The paramagnetic center formed in the gamma-irradiatedsulfanilic acid was followed over 50 days. The dose-response curveswere given in the dose range from 0.05 to 10 Gy for the sampleexposed to gamma radiation and for the sample exposed in therange of 0.05 Gy–30 Gy at 6 and 18 MV X-ray energies. The fittingvalues of the function that best describes dose-response curves arecalculated. In the g value region, where the ESR signal was observedin the irradiated sample, the lowest dose value at which the sig-nal could be read was 50 mGy, significantly different from the noise.With all these investigations, sulfanilic acid can be used to esti-mate gamma radiation dose within boundary conditions in medicalapplications.Item Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Pollen Viability, Pollen Tube Growth, and Fruit Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(The Horticulture Journal / The Japanese Society of Horticulture, 2024-03-16) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; 372103The goal of this study was to assess whether irradiated pollen technology could be used in tomato breeding research. The effects of irradiation on pollen viability, fruit set rate, and embryo formation were investigated. For this purpose, pollens were exposed to gamma rays of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Grays (Gy). The effect of irradiation on pollen viability and tube growth was found to be significant based on counting and measurements performed under in vitro conditions at 24, 48, 72, and 144 h after irradiation. Fruit set and embryo formation in seeds were evaluated 30 days after pollination with pollen irradiated at different doses. It was determined that increasing the irradiation dose resulted in reduced pollen viability and tube length. Endosperm formation was detected in all seeds after 50 Gy of irradiation. However, 50 Gy had no effect on gynogenesis stimulation. Therefore, 100, 200, and 300 Gy doses stimulated embryo formation without endosperm, while 400 Gy of irradiated pollen did not support fruit to set. These results indicate the importance of harvesting time to obtain viable embryos. It should be retracted to an earlier time since late harvest resulted in necrosis of globular embryos on the 30th day after irradiation. Pollination with one-day-old irradiated pollen was more suitable for gynogenesis induction. The results showed that the irradiated pollen technique can be applied in tomato breeding studies, especially in terms of purifying the obtained breeding lines in a shorter time. In particular, determining the appropriate induction dose for gynogenesis depending on the genotype is important for stimulation efficiency.Item Gamma rays induced enhancement in the phytonutrient capacities of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)(Frontiers, 2023-08-03) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; İç Erhan; Özmen Dilan; Bulut F. Şebnem; Ergun Ece; Kantoğlu Ömer; Özçoban MustafaOne of the most important problems for the field-grown Ayaş tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Ayas population), which is preferred for consumption in Central Anatolia because of its aromatic taste, is that the shelf life is short because of insufficient fruit firmness. Therefore, a study was initiated to develop high-quality lines and variety candidates through mutation breeding in the current Ayaş population. In this study, the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was found to be 150 Gy for seeds using a Cobalt-60 gamma ray source. The main mutant population was generated by applying EMD50. During the study, mutant lines selected by following the classicalmutation breeding stages were evaluated in terms of yield and quality traits (antioxidant content, total soluble solid amount, fruit firmness, Brix, etc.) starting from the M4 stage. One of our aims was to determine and improve the phytonutrient content of field-grown tomatoes. The fruits of selected lines at the M4 stage were extracted by liquid-liquid partition and accelerated solvent extraction techniques and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in this study. Itwas found that 28 of the 29mutant lines were significantly different from the control and mutant lines. Mutant lines 9-22, 8-90, 8-135, and 8-127 were determined to be the most promising for commercialization.Item Descriptive Process Mineralogy to Evaluate Physical Enrich-ment Potential of Malatya/Kuluncak Rare Earth Ore through MLA(MDPI, 2023-09-12) Ersoy, Burakhan; Beşirli, Mehmet Umut; Topal, Selim; Soydaş Sözer, Belma; Burat, FıratRare Earth Elements (REE) are indispensable parts of magnetic, phosphor, metal alloys, catalysts, ceramics, glass, pol-ishing, and defense systems industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Currently, China is the largest sup-plier in the world with a production of more than 95% of the world’s Rare Earth Oxides (REO). To reduce the influence of China on the REE market, the countries have started to develop their national strategies for the production and use of REE-bearing resources. Within the scope of this study, particle size, chemical, MLA, XRD, and SEM-EDS analysis were performed for material characterization, and shaking table, centrifugal, and magnetic separations were carried out for the beneficiation of Mala-tya/Kuluncak rare earth ore. The XRD analysis indicated that the representative sample consists of major minerals such as albite, calcite, montmorillonite, muscovite, titanite, kaolinite, clinochlore, and aegirine. Parisite, bastnaesite, Zr-REE-Silicate, Fe-REE-Oxide, and Ca-Ti-Nb-REE-Oxide were detected as REE-bearing minerals by MLA. The chemical analysis resulted in a ∑REO grade of 3,628 g/t and the ore consists of mostly light REE. According to the result of the gravity separation for the coars-est fraction, about 11.3% by weight of the total feed was concentrated as a heavy product assaying 6,437 g/t ∑REO. As a result of magnetic separation, magnetic products with 5,561 g/t and 6,013 g/t ∑REO were obtained at coarse and fine fractions, respective-ly. Finally, the characterization studies and enrichment results were correlated, and very important and meaningful indications about the behavior of REE-bearing minerals were obtained.Item GAMMA RAYS INDUCED ENHANCEMENT IN THE PHYTONUTRIENT CAPACITIES OF TOMATO (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)(Frontiers, 2023-08-03) Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; İç, Erhan; Özmen, Dilan; Bulut, F. Şebnem; Ergun, Ece; Kantoğlu, Ömer; Özçoban, MustafaOne of the most important problems for the field-grown Ayaş tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Ayas population), which is preferred for consumption in Central Anatolia because of its aromatic taste, is that the shelf life is short because of insufficient fruit firmness. Therefore, a study was initiated to develop high-quality lines and variety candidates through mutation breeding in the current Ayaş population. In this study, the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was found to be 150 Gy for seeds using a Cobalt-60 gamma ray source. The main mutant population was generated by applying EMD50. During the study, mutant lines selected by following the classical mutation breeding stages were evaluated in terms of yield and quality traits (antioxidant content, total soluble solid amount, fruit firmness, Brix, etc.) starting from the M4 stage. One of our aims was to determine and improve the phytonutrient content of field-grown tomatoes. The fruits of selected lines at the M4 stage were extracted by liquidliquid partition and accelerated solvent extraction techniques and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in this study. It was found that 28 of the 29 mutant lines were significantly different from the control and mutant lines. Mutant lines 9-22, 8-90, 8-135, and 8-127 were determined to be the most promising for commercialization.Item Preparation and characterization of various column-filling materials in order to optimize 68Ge-68Ga generator column(T.C. Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, 2024-06-15) Ekebaş Çavdar, Elif; Oktar, Okan; Çantay, Eren; Ergun, Ece; Ertaş, Nur Banu; Aydın, Büşra; Abay, ÖzlemIn order to obtain ready-to-use 68Ga in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) applications, the 68Ge/68Ga generator system is an ideal source and allows PET imaging in centers without cyclotrons. Radiochemical separation of Ge (mother) and Ga (daughter) radionuclide though commercial generators is carried out with columns consisted of inorganic metal oxides. In this study, commercially available tin dioxide (SnO2), laboratory-synthesized SnO2, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zeolite as a column filling material in 68Ge/68Ga generators were used. The sorption behavior of column-filling materials as adsorbent was investigated without the use of radioactive materials. All elements, especially Ge and Ga for representing 68Ge/68Ga generator system, were performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, since these column-filling materials used in the thesis will be exposed to radiation during the shelf life of the 68Ge/68Ga generator, their radiation stability were investigated. Structural characterization studies were performed with, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). In order to calculate surface area and pore sizes, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were used. The promising results obtained in this study, calcined at 900 °C Kw_SnO2 would be prepared and evaluated of pilot 68Ge/68Ga generators.Item Radiation Attenuation Properties of Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride: A Comprehensive Study(Sprınger, 2024-04-09) Yıldırım, AydınThe investigation of radiation-durable materials with outstanding gamma shielding capabilities and lead-free alternatives remains a compelling area of research. This study fills a critical gap by exploring, for the first time, the radiation attenuation properties of the novel material aluminum oxynitride (AlON) and its shielding mechanism. Utilizing the XCOM database and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, we systematically examined AlON’s linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth-value layer, mean-free path, effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Comparing AlON to traditional shielding materials and glasses, including both lead-containing and lead-free compositions, our study suggests its superiority over concrete and lead-free glasses. At higher energies, AlON demonstrates comparability with lead-doped materials. These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential applications of AlON across diverse radiation shielding contexts. This research provides a foundational understanding of AlON’s radiation attenuation capabilities, paving the way for future exploration and practical applications in the field of gamma shielding.