Makale 2020-2029 yılları

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Yield and Quality Characteristics of Lettuce Lines Developed by Mutation Breeding
(Yuzuncu Yil University, 2025-12-31) Kökpınar, Şule; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu, Şebnem Şeküre
In this study, we aimed to create genetic variation through physical mutagen application to lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia), a vegetable species whose leaves are consumed fresh, to obtain new varieties rich in nutritional content that can create market demand from this gene pool. Cervantes and Escule lettuce seeds were irradiated with effective mutation doses determined specific to the variety using a Cobalt-60 gamma ray source. Selection and inbreeding studies were performed for 4 generations, and 36 mutant lines were selected from the lines at the M4 stage to be used in subsequent experiments. Height, diameter, weight, leaf color, water-soluble dry matter (WSDM), chlorophyll, total carotenoid, vitamin C, lutein and total phenolic content of lettuce heads were examined in 36 mutant lines selected and in 4 commercial control varieties. The differences between the data obtained were statistically significant. Mutant lines numbered 62, 66, 71, 72, 74, 77, 84, and 100 which were found to be superior in terms of both morphological characteristics and nutritional content, were selected for inclusion in yield trials as a variety of candidates. These findings represent a significant step in increasing genetic diversity in agricultural production and developing lettuce varieties with higher yield and nutritional value.
Mutation dose determination of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) under in vitro and ex vitro conditions
(T.C. Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, 2025-12-31)
Qualification of RELAP5 Input for VVER-1200 NPP and LBLOCA
(Nuclear Technology ANS, 2025-06-21) TANRIKUT, Ali
The construction of the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), consisting of four VVER-1200 units with a total capacity of 4800 MWe, is currently underway at the Akkuyu site in Mersin, Türkiye. As part of the “Thermal-hydraulics Analyses of Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant” project, undertaken at the Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), an input model for the Akkuyu NPP has been developed for the RELAP5/mod3.3 code. This model comprises 939 control volumes, 1110 junctions, and 862 heat structures utilizing technical data from the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR) submitted to the Nuclear Regulatory Authority. The project aims to develop an input model for steady-state and transient analyses of the Akkuyu NPP, ensuring its qualification through comparative assessment with PSAR data and related technical documents. The qualification process, designed to achieve a realistic representation of the NPP, includes (1) a geometrical data consistency check, (2) a steady-state consistency check, and (3) a transient consistency check. The NPP data serve as the primary reference for the entire qualification process. Additionally, the RELAP5 capability to simulate the passive heat removal system (PHRS) is also evaluated under a steadystate condition, based on the GAMBIT-06 data given by the designer, since this system is essential for passive cooldown of the steam generator secondary side. The transient check includes the large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) scenario, as it represents the most safety-critical design basis accident. RELAP5 results are in agreement with the results given in the PSAR. The 100 000-second RELAP5 simulation confirmed that long-term core cooling is maintained and fuel cladding temperatures remain below 1200°C, meeting licensing acceptance criteria for this accident scenario. Given the significance of decay power in this analysis, it was determined that the ANS79-1 option in RELAP5, with a fission product yield factor of 1.0, aligns with the Chapter 15 (Accident Analysis) results of PSAR.
Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Beneficiation Routes for Rare Earth Element Recovery from Coal Bottom Ash: A Case Study from Soma Power Plant, Türkiye
(Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Ankara, Türkiye, 2026-01-14) ULUCAN Tülin; GÜVEN, Gülşah; DİNÇ, N. İlkyaz; PURAL, Y. Enes; YÜCE, A. Ekrem; SOYDAŞ SÖZER, Belma; BURAT, Fırat
The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal combustion by-products has attracted increasing attention due to their strategic importance and supply constraints. This study evaluates the recovery potential of REEs from bottom ash (BA) produced by the Soma Thermal Power Plant through an integrated physical–chemical beneficiation route. Characterization indicated that REEs are mainly hosted in aluminosilicate glass and mullite phases, showing limited liberation. Physical separation methods, including jigging, shaking table, centrifugal (MGS and Knelson), and magnetic separation, achieved only minor enrichment because of the low density and encapsulation of REE-bearing phases. To overcome these limitations, sequential alkaline and acid leaching were employed. Alkaline pretreatment using 5 mol/L NaOH at 90 °C for 4 h partially decomposed the matrix and improved REE accessibility. Subsequent HCl leaching (5 mol/L, 90 °C, 3 h) resulted in the highest ΣREE recovery (>80%) for the −0.106 mm fraction, while 4 mol/L HCl and −0.3 mm conditions provided a more selective and stable extraction. The combined alkaline–acid leaching process demonstrated a synergistic enhancement in REE mobilization. Overall, sequential chemical leaching offers an effective and scalable approach for REE recovery from coal combustion residues, supporting resource efficiency and waste valorization.
Impact of low energy proton radiation on lentil seeds (Lens culinaris) for sustainable space breeding
(ELSEVIER, 2025-10-26) Fırat, Suna; Opçin, Büşra; Yıldırım. Aydın
The effects of low energy proton irradiation on lentil (Lens culinaris) seeds were investigated to evaluate their potential for space-based breeding. Seeds of a local cultivar were exposed to 2.28 MeV protons for 5 min at beam currents ranging from 50 to 225 nA, corresponding to absorbed doses of 8.45–38.02 kGy, alongside a nonirradiated control group. Germination was assessed on day 5, and survival rate, seedling height, first true leaf length, and biomass were measured after 27 days of greenhouse growth. Linear energy transfer (LET) analysis using SRIM indicated that maximum energy deposition occurred within the outer cotyledon layers. Beam currents up to 75 nA showed no significant differences from the control in germination or survival, whereas currents above 150 nA markedly suppressed growth parameters, with survival reduced by up to 92.5% at 225 nA. As observed in studies with other ionizing radiation types, low current, low energy exposures produced no adverse effects, suggesting that lentil seeds may tolerate low-dose proton irradiation. These results highlight the importance of radiation shielding in deep-space missions and support the use of lentils as a candidate crop for controlled breeding systems in extraterrestrial environments.
Development of Petal Culture Method in Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelnn.) and Investigation of its Potential Use in In Vitro Mutation Breeding Studies
(2025-07-01) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Sarıtoprak Okan; Akyüz Çağdaş Ebru; Okutan Evrim; Aktaş Hakan; Ellialtıoğlu Şeküre Şebnem
Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelnn.), is an important potted indoor plant as well as an outdoor ornamental plant and cut flower in recent years. Studies are being carried out using different breeding methods in order to develop new varieties suitable for market needs. In vivo and in vitro mutation breeding studies are important for creating different genetic variations for this species, which is highly prone to mutation breeding. In in vitro mutation applications, vegetative propagation methods are of critical importance in mass propagation of mutant single individuals while preserving genetic stability. This study consists of two stages: First, development and optimization of petal culture method in kalanchoe to provide in vitro vegetative propagation of mutant individuals, and second, morphological observation of genetic stability in clones obtained by propagation via petal culture from M1V4 kalanchoe mutant single plants obtained by using ionizing radiation. In vitro petal culture conditions were determined for kalanchoe and it was determined that Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium containing 2.0 mg L-1 thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.5 mg L-1 1-naphthalenacetic acid (NAA), 30 g L-1 sucrose, 6 g L-1 agar and pH 5.7 provided the best regeneration. In addition, after in vitro physical mutagen application, flowers were observed in mutant individuals propagated up to M1V4 stage in laboratory conditions and transferred to external conditions. Petals from plants with 4 different mutant flowers selected from these were cultured and propagated in vitro. As control, petals from a commercial variety were used for micropropagation. The flowers of the clones obtained showed homogeneity depending on whether the mutant flowers used as starting material were homogeneous or chimeric in appearance. Following this study, in which the first findings on petal culture in kalanchoe were obtained, studies are continuing to develop it comprehensively.
Fraser Photinia shoot explantation in vitro: Effects of two distinct gammaray sources and identification of the optimal mutation dose
(T.C. Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, 2025-06-25) Türkmen Onur Sinan; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu Şeküre Şebnem
Because of its beautiful qualities and ability to withstand harsh conditions, Fraser photinia (Photinia × fraseri cv. Red Robin) is frequently used as an ornamental plant in garden designs. The efforts to create new, highly marketable variations of the species have begun to increase in response to the growing ability of the current kinds to adapt to changing climatic circumstances. For this species, which is susceptible to in vitro propagation, the in vitro mutation breeding technique holds significant promise for increasing the current variety. It is essential to ascertain whether ionizing gamma ray sources are suitable for in vitro mutation investigations on Fraser photinia. To achieve this, in vitro shoot explants were exposed to a total of thirteen different radiation doses using 60Co (dosage rate: 235 Gy/h) and 137Cs (dosage rate: 821 Gy/h) gamma ray sources. The number of leaves and shoot length in in vitro plantlets were assessed thirty days after irradiation, and linear regression analysis was used to get the effective mutation dose (EMD50) values. Based on the quantity of leaves, the EMD50 for the 137Cs source ray application was 60.34 Gy, whereas the 60Co source resulted in an EMD50 of 80.88 Gy. These findings demonstrated that the EMD50 difference was significantly impacted by the source power, irradiation duration, and the influence produced by the linear energy transfer value of the irradiation during tissue penetration.
DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVE MUTATION DOSE AND IMPACTS OF IRRADIATION FOR SOME VEGETABLE SPECIES
(Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, 2025-07-01) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Çakın Irmak; Çetintaş Aydın Ozan; Göktuğ Aslıhan; Laouini Mouna
A comparison of winter and summer vegetable species reveals that fewer mutation breeding studies have been conducted on winter varieties. Nevertheless, the effects of global warming and climate change are expected to negatively impact the cultivation of both winter and summer vegetable species alike. Addressing this issue promptly and developing new cultivars as alternatives to existing ones in accordance with current needs is crucial. Mutation breeding methods remain significant in efforts to broaden the diminishing genetic diversity. In this research, various vegetables, including red radish, black radish, white cabbage, broccoli, cress, dill, yellow onion, purple onion, spinach, parsley, and arugula, were exposed to a cesium 137 gamma ray source. The irradiation was conducted at different dose levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 Gy), based on the specific responses of each cultivar. Following irradiation, the seed germination rate, seedling height, seedling fresh and dry weight, and seed vigor were measured, and the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was determined by linear regression analysis. It was found that increasing doses had a negative effect on germination, seed strength, and fresh and dry plant weight, depending on the species. Accordingly, EMD50, which is important in creating an effective mutant population, was determined as 467.62 Gy for red radish, 328.39 Gy for black radish, 354.24 Gy for broccoli, 222.25 Gy for white cabbage, 119.75 Gy for arugula, 160.68 Gy for spinach, 245.96 Gy for yellow onion, 195.55 Gy for purple onion, 132.38 Gy for dill, 1031.68 Gy for cress, and 92.77 Gy for parsley.
In vitro Mutasyon Islahı Çalışmalarına Yönelik Olarak Farklı Gama Işını Kaynaklarının Kalanşo (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelnn.) Yaprak Ayası Eksplantı Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
(Dergi Park Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, 2025-01-30) Çakın Irmak; Kunter Burak; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Göktuğ Aslıhan; Akyüz Çağdaş Ebru; Ellialtıoğlu Şebnem
Kalanşo (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelnn.) uzun ömürlü iç mekân süs bitkisi türlerinden biri olup in vitro rejenerasyon kabiliyeti yüksektir. Bu araştırmada in vitro mutasyon ıslahı çalışmasına yönelik olarak yaprak ayası eksplantlarında, iki farklı gama ışınlama kaynağında ışınlama yapılarak etkili mutasyon dozlarının belirlenmesi (EMD₅₀) ve kaynak etkisinin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla her dozda 60’şar yaprak ayası eksplantı olacak şekilde in vitro kültürler on dört farklı dozda (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140 ve 160 Gy) Co⁶⁰ (235 Gy/h) ve Cs¹³⁷ (821 Gy/h) gama ışın kaynakları ile ışınlanmıştır. Işınlanan in vitro eksplantlar ışınlama sonrasında rejenerasyon ortamına (2.0 mg.L⁻¹ TDZ ve 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ NAA) transfer edilmişlerdir. Işınlamayı takip eden kırk beşinci günde eksplantlarda sürgün rejenerasyonu başarı yüzdeleri tespit edilerek iki farklı gama kaynağının etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. In vitro rejenerasyon amacıyla S2 kodlu uygulamanın (%15’lik NaClO içeren sterilizasyon çözeltisi) ve R3 kodlu 2.0 mg.L⁻¹ TDZ ve 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ NAA içeren MS besin ortamının kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. EMD₅₀ dozu olarak; Cs¹³⁷ kaynağı için 79.97 Gy ve Co⁶⁰ kaynağı için ise 103.54 Gy hesaplanmıştır. Bununla birlikte kobalt kaynağı için daha yüksek dozlarda bazı yeni uygulamaların yapılması önerilmiştir.
Scalable Production of Boron Nitride-Coated Carbon Fiber Fabrics for Improved Oxidation Resistance
(MDPI, 2025-10-14) Yıldırım Elçin; Cennet; Arık; Muhammet Nasuh; Örs; Kaan; Nakaş; Uğur; Yakışık Özgüle; Zeliha Bengisu; Acar; Özden; Aslanlar; Salim; Altay; Özkan; Çelik; Erdal; Şahin; Korhan
This study aimed to develop an industrially scalable coating route for enhancing the oxidation resistance of carbon fiber fabrics, a critical requirement for next-generation aerospace and high-temperature composite structures. To achieve this goal, synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layers was achieved via a single wet step in which the fabric was impregnated with an ammonia–borane/THF solution and subsequently nitrided for 2 h at 1000–1500 ◦C in flowing nitrogen. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with X-ray diffraction revealed that amorphous BN formed below ≈1200 ◦C and crystallized completely into (002)-textured h-BN (with lattice parameters a ≈ 2.50 Å and c ≈ 6.7 Å) once the dwell temperature reached ≥1300 ◦C. Complementary XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed a near-stoichiometric B:N ≈ 1:1 composition and the elimination of O–H/N–H residues as crystallinity improved. Low-magnification SEM (100×) confirmed the uniform and large-area coverage of the BN layer on the carbon fiber tows, while high-magnification SEM revealed a progressive densification of the coating from discrete nanospheres to a continuous nanosheet barrier on the fibers. Oxidation tests in flowing air shifted the onset of mass loss from 685 ◦C for uncoated fibers to 828 ◦C for the coating produced at 1400 ◦C; concurrently, the peak oxidation rate moved ≈200 ◦C higher and declined by ~40%. Treatment at 1500 ◦C conferred no additional benefit, indicating that 1400 ◦C provides the optimal balance between full crystallinity and limited grain coarsening. The resulting dense h-BN film, aided by an in situ self-healing B2O3 glaze above ~800 ◦C, delayed carbon fiber oxidation by ≈140 ◦C. Overall, the process offers a cost-effective, large-area alternative to vapor-phase deposition techniques, positioning BN-coated carbon fiber fabrics for robust service in extreme oxidative environments.
Assessment of low-energy electron beam irradiation for effective surface microbial decontamination of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaves
(ELSEVIER, 2025-05-12) Turan, Ozlem; Cetintas, Aydin Ozan; Gokalp, Metin; Halkman, Hilal Beyhan; Ic, Erhan; Kantoglu, Omer; Kantoglu, Kadriye Yaprak
Microbial contamination in fresh produce, particularly leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach, constitutes a significant public health concern due to infections caused by enteropathogens. Therefore, low-energy electron beam (LEEB) irradiation has been introduced to ensure microbial decontamination, analogous to conventional irradiation applications. This study examines the efficacy of LEEB irradiation in reducing bacterial contamination in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and determines the radiation sensitivity of target microorganisms through D10 values compares it with the gamma-ray treatment. Hydroponically cultivated lettuce samples were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7. Following LEEB treatment, the D10 values of four pathogens were calculated between 0.371, and 0.737 kGy, whereas gamma irradiation resulted in lower values of 0.262-0.327 kGy. These results suggest that LEEB doses in the range of approximately 1.7 to 3 kGy may be sufficient to achieve an average 4-log reduction in pathogens. Additionally, the effects of LEEB irradiation on the physicochemical properties of lettuce were evaluated immediately after irradiation at doses of 1, 3, and 5 kGy. While no statistically significant differences were observed in color and total vitamin C (p>0.05), bioactive compound levels increased at higher doses (p<0.05). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed minimal structural alterations. These findings suggest that LEEB irradiation effectively decontaminates lettuce while maintaining its physicochemical integrity and enhancing its bioactive properties, presenting a promising and very important approach for improving fresh produce safety.
Natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in ultrapotassic rocks from the Central Pontides, Türkiye
(ELSEVIER, 2025-05-27) Yıldırım; Aydın; Gülmez; Fatma
Primordial radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) are key contributors to natural radiation and tend to concentrate in specific lithologies in the Earth’s crust. This study investigates Upper Cretaceous ultrapotassic rocks from the Central Pontides in Türkiye, where increasing constructional and industrial activities raise concerns about radiological exposure and environmental health risks. Gamma spectrometry analysis of powdered rock samples reveals that 226Ra (10.0–53.6 Bq/kg) and 232Th (9.3–65 Bq/kg) generally fall below global averages, whereas 40K reaches notably high levels (97–1940 Bq/kg). Elevated 40K levels in trachytic, leucitebearing, and lamprophyric rocks from Amasya, Tosya, and Kalecik, result in radiological hazard parameters exceeding recommended limits, despite relatively modest 226Ra and 232Th activities. Correlation analyses indicate moderate relationships between 226Ra and 232Th, but weak correlations with 40K, suggesting postmagmatic processes possibly influenced these rocks. These findings underscore the importance of ultra- and high-potassic rocks as potential gamma radiation sources in areas where land use, construction, and dust or soil mobilization increase interactions with biological organisms. Continuous monitoring of potassium-40 pathways and the proper management strategies are critical to mitigate possible health risks associated with elevated radionuclide concentrations.
Boron and Zinc Co‑doped Hydroxyapatites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
(Springer Nature, 2025-07-30) Akbaba Sema; Turacli Karaguven Senem Ozge; Evis Zafer; Tezcaner Aysen
In this study, effects of B and Zn co-doping on structural and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) were investigated. Effect of co-doping on synthesized HA groups was characterized by SEM, ICP-OES, XRD, FTIR, and dynamic light scattering. It was revealed that 8 mol% B led to a decrease in particle size, whereas increasing Zn resulted in increasing mean particle size. FTIR spectra verified presence of PO4 3− and BO3 3− in the HA structure. XRD analysis revealed that both B and Zn decreased HA phase percentage, crystallinity and crystallite size. Bioactivity of the HA groups increased with presence of B and Zn. Dual effect of B and Zn on viability and proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) was also investigated. It was found that 8 mol% B doped and all B & Zn-doped HA groups increased cell viability and proliferation, except 8 mol% B & 8 mol% Zn doped HA. Moreover, 0.5 mg/ml 8 mol% B & 4 mol% Zn doped HA group significantly increased 14-day ALP activity of hADSCs and vessel area of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overall, Co-doping of B (8 mol%) and Zn (4 mol%) to HA provided both proliferative and osteogenic effects on hADSCs and angiogenic effect on HUVECs. Our findings suggest that B and Zn co-doped HA holds promise for bone tissue engineering applications.
Gerbera’da (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker) Kapitulum Eksplantlarından in vitro Rejenerasyon
(Bahçe/ TAGEM, 2025-03-26) Kurt Deniz Selin; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu Şebnem Şeküre
Gerbera (G.jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker) süs bitkisi türü Türkiye’de süs bitkileri içinde üretim alanı olarak üçüncü, üretim miktarı açısından ise (adet dal) ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Ancak üretim, tamamen yurt dışından ithal edilen yabancı çeşitlere ait anaç materyalle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu türe yönelik ticari üretim ve yerli ıslah çalışmalarının hızlandırılması adına, in vitro çoğaltım tekniklerinin çalışmalara entegre edilmesi önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Bu çalışmada, üreticiden temin edilen üç farklı gerbera çeşidinin in vitro kapitulum kültürü ile çoğaltım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla gerbera kapitulumları, farklı oranlarda BAP (2.0, 3.0 ve 4.0 mg/L) ile NAA (0.5, 0.25 mg/L) kombinasyonları içeren MS besin ortamında kültüre alınmış ve kapitulumların rejenerasyon performansları incelenmiştir. Tüm genotiplerde, en iyi rejenerasyonun 2.0 mg/L BAP+0.5 mg/L NAA kombinasyonunda sağlandığı belirlenmiştir. Genotip tepkisi açısından yapılan değerlendirmede ise en iyi çoğaltım katsayısının 6.57 ile beyaz renkli çiçeklere sahip genotipte sağlandığı, bunu sırasıyla 5.86 değeri ile kırmızı ve 5.04 değeri ile de turuncu çiçekli genotipin izlediği saptanmıştır. Oluşan sürgünlerin alt kültüre alınması ve in vitro ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılması amacıyla mikroçoğaltımına devam edilmektedir.
In vitro Mutasyon Islahı Çalışmalarına Yönelik Olarak Farklı Gama Işını Kaynaklarının Kalanşo (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelnn.) Yaprak Ayası Eksplantı Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
(Bahçe/TAGEM, 2025-03-26) Çakın Irmak; Kunter Burak; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Göktuğ Aslıhan; Ebru Akyüz Çağdaş; Ellialtıoğlu Şebnem Şeküre
Kalanşo (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelnn.) uzun ömürlü iç mekân süs bitkisi türlerinden biri olup in vitro rejenerasyon kabiliyeti yüksektir. Bu araştırmada in vitro mutasyon ıslahı çalışmasına yönelik olarak yaprak ayası eksplantlarında, iki farklı gama ışınlama kaynağında ışınlama yapılarak etkili mutasyon dozlarının belirlenmesi (EMD₅₀) ve kaynak etkisinin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla her dozda 60’şar yaprak ayası eksplantı olacak şekilde in vitro kültürler on dört farklı dozda (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140 ve 160 Gy) Co⁶⁰ (235 Gy/h) ve Cs¹³⁷ (821 Gy/h) gama ışın kaynakları ile ışınlanmıştır. Işınlanan in vitro eksplantlar ışınlama sonrasında rejenerasyon ortamına (2.0 mg.L⁻¹ TDZ ve 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ NAA) transfer edilmişlerdir. Işınlamayı takip eden kırk beşinci günde eksplantlarda sürgün rejenerasyonu başarı yüzdeleri tespit edilerek iki farklı gama kaynağının etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. In vitro rejenerasyon amacıyla S2 kodlu uygulamanın (%15’lik NaClO içeren sterilizasyon çözeltisi) ve R3 kodlu 2.0 mg.L⁻¹ TDZ ve 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ NAA içeren MS besin ortamının kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. EMD₅₀ dozu olarak; Cs¹³⁷ kaynağı için 79.97 Gy ve Co⁶⁰ kaynağı için ise 103.54 Gy hesaplanmıştır. Bununla birlikte kobalt kaynağı için daha yüksek dozlarda bazı yeni uygulamaların yapılması önerilmiştir.
Large field polynomial inflation in Palatini f(R, ϕ) gravity
(An IOPBN and SISSA journal, 2025-01-28) Bostan, Nilay; Karahan, Canan; Sargın, Ozan
In this paper, we employ the Palatini formalism to investigate the dynamics of large-field inflation using a renormalizable polynomial inflaton potential in the context of f(R, ϕ) gravity. Assuming instant reheating, we make a comparative analysis of large-field polynomial inflation (PI). We first consider the minimal and non-minimal coupling of inflaton in R gravity, and then we continue with the minimally and non-minimally coupled inflaton in f(R, ϕ) gravity. We scan the parameter space for the inflationary predictions (ns and r) consistent with the Planck and BICEP/Keck 2018 results as well as the sensitivity forecast of the future CMB-S4 and depict the compliant regions in the ϕ0 − β plane where ϕ0 and β are two parameters of polynomial inflation model which control the saddle point of the potential and the flatness in the vicinity of this point respectively. We find that a substantial portion of the parameter space aligns with the observational data.
Radyasyon Doz Birimleri, Hasta Işınlanmasına Ait Belirteçler Radiation Dose Units, Indicators of Patient Irradiation
(Galenos Yayınevi, 2025-02-21)
Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), floroskopi, mamografi ve kemik yoğunluğu ölçümü gibi modern tıbbi görüntüleme teknolojisi, hastalıkların erken teşhisi ve tedavi takibi için oldukça önemlidir. Ancak, iyonlaştırıcı radyasyon kullanan bu cihazlar için hasta güvenliği ve radyasyon dozu yönetimi esastır. Gray ve sievert gibi doz birimleri, radyolojide doz belirleme ve maruz kalma göstergeleri olarak kullanılırken; cilt giriş dozu, doz alanı ürünü, kümülatif hava kerma, ortalama glandüler doz, doz uzunluk ürünü ve BT doz indeksi gibi parametreler hasta maruziyetinin kritik göstergeleri olarak hizmet eder. Bu göstergeler, özellikle yüksek radyasyon içeren teşhis teknolojilerinde hasta güvenliğini artırmada ve olumsuz radyobiyolojik etkileri azaltmada önemli rol oynar. Bu çalışmada iyonlaştırıcı radyasyon içeren teşhis ve tedavi takiplerinde hasta maruziyetinin tespitinde kullanılan doz birimleri ve tetkiklerde hastanın ışınlanmasının değerlendirmesinde kullanılan ışınlanma parametreleri gözden geçirilecektir. Modern medical imaging technology such as computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, mammography, and bone density measurement are very important for early diagnosis of diseases and treatment follow-up. However, patient safety and radiation dose management are essential for these devices that use ionising radiation. While dose units such as Gray and sievert are used as dose determination and exposure indicators in radiology, parameters such as skin entrance dose, dose area product, cumulative air kerma, mean glandular dose, dose length product, and CT dose index serve as critical indicators of patient exposure. These indicators play an important role in increasing patient safety and reducing adverse radiobiological effects, especially in diagnostic technologies that involve high radiation. In this study, dose units used in determining patient exposure in diagnosis and treatment follow-ups involving ionising radiation and radiation parameters used in evaluating patient irradiation in examinations will be reviewed.
Influence of calcination conditions on deep eutectic solvents (DES) leaching efficiency of light rare earth elements in bastnasite ore
(ELSEVIER, 2024-11-02) Kaplan, S. Samet; Kurtulan, Cisem Celik; Gurmen, Sebahattin; Orhan, Gokhan; Sonmez, Mehmet Seref
In this century, our daily life is surrounded by technological devices, and Rare Earth Elements (REE) are at the heart of this technological revolution. They are always listed having the highest supply risk in critical minerals published by different countries. From that point of view, their extraction, and creating a secured supply chain is always crucial. In this research, the influence of calcination conditions on REE extraction from bastnasite ore was studied. Identical leaching in Ethylene Glycol (EG)-FeCl3 media which is one of the Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) was applied to different calcines to understand calcination parameters on leaching efficiency. After conducting experiments created by Box-Behnken approach with different parameters of temperature, duration, and particles size, the highest Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) extraction efficiency of 67.22 wt% was achieved at 900◦ C. However, while conducting control experiments, the highest extraction efficiency was found to be 75.986 wt% as a median of the experiments conducted at 500 ◦C during 180 min, and with particles finer than 25 µm. This efficiency increase with decreasing temperature is explained by Ce phase transformation from Ce2O3 to CeO2 as proved by XRD analysis. In addition to temperature, particle size was also found highly effective in extraction efficiency especially in Ce extraction. At the experiments conducted at 900 ◦C, and 270 min but with particles at different size ranges, Ce extraction dramatically dropped from 71.061 wt% to 9.587 wt% at the experiment conducted with finer particles. This lose in efficiency is directly correlated to increasing Ce phase transformation rate due to increasing surface area of fine particles. Non-calcined ore was also leached with DES, and only 10.977 wt% LREE could be extracted. Furthermore, it is concluded that calcination is of vital importance to transform the ore into a soluble form, and temperature, and particle size ranges are found to be two fundamental parameters for tuning the extraction efficiency.
Callus and suspension culture techniques optimized for use in carrot breeding studies (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef and D. carota)
(TAGEM, 2023-02-02) Büyükdinç Turan, Damla; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Karataş, Arzu; Ellialtıoğlu, Şebnem
In this study, studies were conducted to optimize callus and suspension culture methods for in vitro mutation breeding in purple and orange carrots. Following this, the developed mutant lines were subjected to in vitro salt stress selection. The study determined the optimal agar dose. The first germination, 50% germination, rootcotyledon formation and genuine leaf formation in carrot seedlings were analyzed daily in the study, which was continued with the determined 7g/L agar dose. The cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from the seedlings were cultivated for callus production in mixtures of MS-1, MS-2 and MS-3 nutritional medium. In the second and fourth weeks following the second subculture, callus production percentages and weights were measured. The MS-3 (1 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L kinetin) nutritional medium and hypocotyl explant were found to be particularly effective at producing callus. The second subculture's data on the number of plants that had successfully regenerated per callus, showed that the MS nutritional medium with 0.2 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ) was the best medium for plant regeneration. The dispersed calli were grown in a nutritional medium designed for suspension culture in a nutrient medium mixture comprising MS+0.1 mg/L kinetin. The results obtained with the optimization steps were used in the ongoing study.
Marulda (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) Mutasyon Islahı Yönteminin Morfolojik Etkileri
(TAGEM, 2024-01-15) Kökpınar Sarıçam, Şule; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu, Şebnem
Lactuca sativa (marul ve salatalar), yapraklı sebzeler grubunda yer alan en önemli ürünlerden biridir. Genel olarak marul, yaprak salata (kıvırcık) ve baş salata (aysberg) olarak gruplandırılan bu türün şekil, büyüklük ve renk bakımından oldukça farklı çeşitleri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada; marulda (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) mutasyon ıslahı yoluyla agronomik ve kalite özellikleri bakımından farklı yeni genotipler ortaya çıkarmak, bu bireylerin gen havuzunda varyasyon kaynağı olarak yer almasını sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 2018 yılında, ‘Cervantes’ ve ‘Escule’ ticari marul çeşitlerinin tohumlarına Co⁶⁰ ışın kaynağı kullanılarak 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ve 600 Gy’lik dozlarda gama ışını uygulanmış, Etkili Mutasyon Dozu (EMD50) 254.45 Gy olarak belirlenmiştir. Kontrol ve M₄ seviyesinde seçilmiş 36 adet mutant hatta marul başlarının boyu, çapı, ağırlığı, yaprak rengi incelenmiştir. Baş boyu 23.09-32.69 cm, baş çapı 11.40-14.28 cm, baş ağırlığı 390.03-986.07 g arasında değişim göstermiştir. Renk bakımından hatların L* değerinin 36.72-57.12, a* değerinin -18.23, -9.90, b* değerinin de 12.60-37.47 aralıklarında olduğu saptanmıştır. Morfolojik özellikler bakımından üstün özellik gösteren 62, 66, 71, 72, 74, 77, 84, 100 no.lu hatlar mutant çeşit adayı olarak belirlenmiştir.

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