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A modelling study for the health risk posed by nuclear power plant in Bulgaria at different parts of Turkey
(Parlar Research and Technology, 2004) Ünver, Özge; Tuncel, Gürdal; Kozloduy; TAEK-NGD
In this study, following a severe accident in Kozloduy nuclear power plant in Bulgaria, how Turkey will be affected has been investigated. The atmospheric dispersion model used is Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Transport (HySPLIT) model.For the simplicity, the release of only I-131 and Cs-137 for the worst-case accident scenario was modeled by HySPLIT for each day of the arbitrarily selected year 2000 to find the worst day of deposition, which was seen to result from the release beginning on April 7th 2000 and accumulated at the end of the 15-day simulation. Afterthat release of all fission products was modeled for the worst deposited day. Radiation dose at different receptors, which are 12 grids throughout Turkey, was calculated via inhalation, ingestion and external radiation pathways. Delayed health risk, fatal cancer, non-fatal cancer and hereditary risks, were investigated for the receptor points. The mostly affected part of Turkey fatal cancer is 0.121%. The same approach was applied to investigate the health risk of the proposed nuclear power plant at Akkuyu, Turkey. In this case, it was seen that the worst deposited day was resulted from the release beginning on 21st of February 2000 and accumulated at the end of the 15-day simulation. The worst affected part was found as the area between Kayseri, Niğde and Nevşehir with the total effective dose commitment of 0.108 Sievert and the individual risk of suffering from fatal cancer 0.54%. KEY WORDS: Kozloduy, Turkey, accident, HySPLIT,dose,risk.
Achieving superior strength and ductility in oxide dispersion strengthened IN625 alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion
(ELSEVIER, 2024-12-19) Demirci, Kadir Tuğrul; Özalp, Ali; Güner Gürbüz, Selen Nimet; Bükülmez, İlhan; Aksu, Erhan; Aydoğan, Eda
In this study, a new grade of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Inconel 625 (IN625) alloy having the composition of 0.3 wt% Y2O3 – 0.4 wt% Hf – IN625 has been developed and produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Production parameters have been determined for standard and ODS IN625 alloys to yield >99.9% densification. Microstructural analyses reveal similar texture along <001> while a larger but homogenous strain distribution exist in ODS IN625. Nano-particles are determined to be mostly Y-Hf-O and Y2O3 with an average size of ~30 ± 18 nm and 2.2 ± 1.1x1013 m-2 areal fraction. Tensile tests at room temperature (RT) and 700 °C demonstrate superior mechanical properties of ODS-IN625, particularly at elevated temperatures. While the yield strengths of standard and ODS IN625 alloys are similar (~680 MPa), ductility of ODS IN625 is slightly larger at RT. However, the yield strength of ODS-IN625 increased by 7.4%, reaching ~580 MPa, compared to the standard IN625, which has a yield strength of ~540 MPa at 700 °C. More notably, the ductility of ODS IN625 shows a remarkable improvement, increasing from ~12% in the standard IN625 to ~22%, representing an increase of more than 80%. Detailed microstructural analyses on the fracture surfaces of the ODS IN625 alloys exhibit submicron dimples, as well as an extensive amount of dislocation loops, Lomer-Cortrel (L-C) locks, and stacking fault tetrahedra. Nano-oxides were determined to be responsible for the dislocation wall structure and dislocation distribution which in turn improves the mechanical properties. This study sheds light on tailoring the strength-ductility balance in IN625 alloys by introducing the nano-oxide particles and perceiving the mechanism of this improvement.
Assesment of Cyclotron Produced 64Cu Radionuclide with Monte Carlo Simulations
(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-05-15) Yıldırım, Aydın; Boztosun, İsmail
Physical yields and activities of theranostic radioisotope 64Cu were calculated via Monte Carlo simulations. Geant4 simulation toolkit is employed for the Monte Carlo calculations. The study is based on proton irradiation of solid targets at cyclotron facilities. Two types of target material were investigated: Nickel and Zinc. Also, two different target thickness and two beam angles were assessed in order to see the change of yields and activities. The optimum results were achieved at 150 μm thickness, 24 MeV beam energy and 5◦ beam angle for the nickel target, and 150 μm thickness, 30 MeV beam energy and 5◦ beam angle for the zinc target.
Beneficiation of Eskişehir Beylikova Bastnasite Ore and Rare Earth Elements Recovery
(Scopus, 2023-11-14) Türker, Gülşah; Koç Delice, Tülay; Temizkalb, Arda; Özgür, Özgün Cem; Soydaş Sözer, Belma
Unique magnetic, optical and electrical properties of rare earth elements (REEs) have be come essential in modern high technology. Considering this necessity of technology, efficient man agement and utilization of rare earth resources is of great importance. Even though there are more than 250 rare earth minerals in around the world, the number of minerals that can be economically processed, not exceeding three. Among these minerals, bastnaesite, has a significant impact on sci entific advancement and social progress. This project aims to contribute to the establishment of a sustainable supply chain for REE in Turkey and Europe by conducting research and development activities to leverage the utilization of REEs found in our country. The primary objective of this project is to extract rare earth oxides from complex ore in the Eskişehir Beylikova region, which holds the largest reserve potential discovered in our country, and to refine these metal oxides to produce metals that can be used in magnet manufacturing. The project encom passes five main work packages during three years: Project management, ore enrichment, solvent extraction based purification, utilization of REOs and metals in additive material and magnet pro duction.
Boron Salicylate Ester Compounds as Boron Therapeutics. Their Synthesis, Structural Characterizations and Anticancer Effects Against MDA-MB-231
(SPRINGER NATURE, 2024-10-03) Bolat, Melda; Köse, Dursun Ali; Akbaba, Sema
The element boron forms a wide range of borate minerals with different properties. Borate minerals make it possible to design boron-containing molecules with new biological properties in terms of their chemical structure and properties. It is known that boron compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties. This makes boron compounds important for the future development of boron chemotherapeutics, boron supplements and new drugs. Reliable scientific studies on boron compounds will facilitate the clear presentation of their functions in its biological applications and metabolism. In this study, boron monoester and boron diester structures were synthesized with salicylic acid ligand. To stabilize boron ester structures, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ cations were used as counter-ions. Structural properties of the synthesized substances, molecules obtained by crystallization/precipitation from aqueous solutions in solid state, elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), mass analysis (GC-MS) and single crystal analysis. Structural properties were tried to be explained by structure analysis (SC-XRD) methods. Additionally, the anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters against the MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line was examined. The K-B salicylate diester molecule was found to have the most potential potency with the lowest IC50 value against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters can be further investigated with other cancer models with the combination of anticancer drugs. It is also thought that the mechanism of action of these molecules may help reveal their further applications.
Callus and suspension culture techniques optimized for use in carrot breeding studies (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef and D. carota)
(TAGEM, 2023-02-02) Büyükdinç Turan, Damla; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Karataş, Arzu; Ellialtıoğlu, Şebnem
In this study, studies were conducted to optimize callus and suspension culture methods for in vitro mutation breeding in purple and orange carrots. Following this, the developed mutant lines were subjected to in vitro salt stress selection. The study determined the optimal agar dose. The first germination, 50% germination, rootcotyledon formation and genuine leaf formation in carrot seedlings were analyzed daily in the study, which was continued with the determined 7g/L agar dose. The cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from the seedlings were cultivated for callus production in mixtures of MS-1, MS-2 and MS-3 nutritional medium. In the second and fourth weeks following the second subculture, callus production percentages and weights were measured. The MS-3 (1 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L kinetin) nutritional medium and hypocotyl explant were found to be particularly effective at producing callus. The second subculture's data on the number of plants that had successfully regenerated per callus, showed that the MS nutritional medium with 0.2 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ) was the best medium for plant regeneration. The dispersed calli were grown in a nutritional medium designed for suspension culture in a nutrient medium mixture comprising MS+0.1 mg/L kinetin. The results obtained with the optimization steps were used in the ongoing study.
Descriptive Process Mineralogy to Evaluate Physical Enrich-ment Potential of Malatya/Kuluncak Rare Earth Ore through MLA
(MDPI, 2023-09-12) Ersoy, Burakhan; Beşirli, Mehmet Umut; Topal, Selim; Soydaş Sözer, Belma; Burat, Fırat
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are indispensable parts of magnetic, phosphor, metal alloys, catalysts, ceramics, glass, pol-ishing, and defense systems industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Currently, China is the largest sup-plier in the world with a production of more than 95% of the world’s Rare Earth Oxides (REO). To reduce the influence of China on the REE market, the countries have started to develop their national strategies for the production and use of REE-bearing resources. Within the scope of this study, particle size, chemical, MLA, XRD, and SEM-EDS analysis were performed for material characterization, and shaking table, centrifugal, and magnetic separations were carried out for the beneficiation of Mala-tya/Kuluncak rare earth ore. The XRD analysis indicated that the representative sample consists of major minerals such as albite, calcite, montmorillonite, muscovite, titanite, kaolinite, clinochlore, and aegirine. Parisite, bastnaesite, Zr-REE-Silicate, Fe-REE-Oxide, and Ca-Ti-Nb-REE-Oxide were detected as REE-bearing minerals by MLA. The chemical analysis resulted in a ∑REO grade of 3,628 g/t and the ore consists of mostly light REE. According to the result of the gravity separation for the coars-est fraction, about 11.3% by weight of the total feed was concentrated as a heavy product assaying 6,437 g/t ∑REO. As a result of magnetic separation, magnetic products with 5,561 g/t and 6,013 g/t ∑REO were obtained at coarse and fine fractions, respective-ly. Finally, the characterization studies and enrichment results were correlated, and very important and meaningful indications about the behavior of REE-bearing minerals were obtained.
Development of CuO nanoparticles modified electrochemical sensor for detection of salbutamol
(Iop Publishing, 2024-04-29) Koc Delice, Tulay; Ak Azem,Funda; Ozdemir, Kazim; Alpat, Senol
Metal oxide structures are being utilized in an increasing variety of applications. This study used cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry techniques to investigate the possible utilization of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (CPE)for the redox reactions of salbutamol (SAL). The electrochemical performance of the SAL analyte in a complex matrix environment in Ventolin was evaluated in order to assess the appropriateness of the proposed sensor in a real sample environment. CuO nanoparticles were produced via a straightforward, cost-effective and efficient sol– gel method, and characterization studies of synthesized CuO nanoparticles were performed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray Diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles had a spherical shape and particle size was found to be 74 nm. The crystal size of the CuO particles was calculated to be 21.79 nm using the Debye–Scherrer equation. Under optimal conditions, differential pulse voltammetry demonstrated a linear response in the 50 nM to 100 μM range, with a salbutamol detection limit of 50 nM (S/N = 3). The SAL concentration (R2= 0.9971)was found to have a good correlation coefficient. The reproducibility of the biosensor was investigated and evaluated with a relative standard deviation of 3% (n = 8). The storage stability of CuO modified CPE for two weeks was evaluated based on the response of DP current measured at intervals every two days. According to the measurement results, the modified electrode exhibited good stability and reproducibility while maintaining 80% of its stability. It is also a rapid and dependable sensor candidate with a measurement time of approximately 20 s. The developed electrode has been utilized successfully to determine doping material with improved performance.
Enhanced Alpha Decay Half-Life Determination in Super-Heavy Nuclei Using a New Potential
(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-07-05) Yıldırım, Aydın; Boztosun, İsmail; Küçük, Yasemin; Gusseinova, Diana; Alimov, Dilshod; Bakirov, Mardan
This paper systematically investigates alpha decay half-lives in the superheavy nuclei region (104 ⩽ Z ⩽ 118), focusing on ground-state to groundstate transitions. It aims to enhance the accuracy of alpha decay half-life calculations by introducing a modi ed nuclear potential that includes surface deformation. Advanced techniques such as Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions and Langer modi cations are used to develop an e ective potential for the interaction between the daughter nucleus and the alpha particle. The Woods-Saxon potential, modi ed with a Gaussian term to account for surface deformation, is employed in numerical calculations of alpha decay half-lives. These calculated half-lives are compared with experimental data and the previous studies, showing signi cantly improved agreement. The modi ed potential o ers greater precision in modeling the alpha decay process, particularly for even-even super-heavy nuclei. This research introduces a novel approach to alpha decay studies, enhancing accuracy and applicability. The modi ed nuclear potential with surface deformation proves to be a valuable tool in nuclear physics, providing more reliable alpha decay half-life estimates. The implications of this work extend to the creation of new super- heavy nuclei and astrophysical processes. Further research can build upon these ndings to explore a broader range of nuclear systems and advance our understanding of nuclear physics.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED POLLUTANTS TREATED WITH GAMMA RADIATION AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-11-28) Genç, Ayşenur; Ergun, Ece; Fitoz, Alper; Kantoğlu, Ömer; İnce, Mahir; Acar, Orhan
Degradation of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen in real wastewater effluent by gamma radiation/hydrogen peroxide was investigated on the basis of removal efficiencies, G-values, and kinetics. Gamma irradiation was performed using a 60Co source irradiator in the presence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The analyses of the pollutants were performed before and after irradiation treatment using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) system. The addition of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide resulted in an enhanced removal efficiency of the target pollutants (93.92% for ibuprofen, 99.47% for triclosan, 86.65% for diclofenac, and 86.32% for ketoprofen) compared with the performance of the gamma irradiation process alone. The rate constants (k) of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen increased by 1.42, 2.38, 1.38, and 3.37 times with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide addition, respectively. Moreover, the 90% decomposition of the target pollutants was achieved at lower doses in the gamma-ray/hydrogen peroxide system in comparison with the gamma treatment without hydrogen peroxide. Fukui functions and dual descriptor were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the sensitivity of the target pollutants to hydroxyl radical attacks, to identify the initial reaction pathway, and to predict the degradation by-products. The findings were consistent with literature mechanisms and observed by-products.
Exploring the Photoluminescence Origins of Natural Boron Mineral (Tincal) and Its Waste Byproducts
(SSRN 4891422, 2024-07-10) Karacaoglu, Erkul; Yungevis, Hasan; Acikgoz, Sabriye; Gul, Mert; Ates, Esen Gul; Yildirim, Cennet
Many natural minerals can exhibit luminescence due to impurities and their crystal structures. Evaluating the waste generated from processing these materials presents significant research opportunities. This study explores tincal, a natural boron source, and its waste, discussing their structural and luminescence properties. Both the mineral and its waste show similar phases like dolomite and calcite. In terms of luminescence, both exhibit PL emission in the 500-650 nm range. Emphasis is placed on evaluating the waste, with heat treatment revealing notable changes. At temperatures exceeding 500°C, the waste transforms from dolomite to monticellite, causing a red-shift in PL emission to the 600-850 nm range. XPS analysis of untreated and heat-treated waste confirms elemental compositions, highlighting the influence of boron on structural changes during heat treatment, despite trace elements like Mn and Fe being undetected.
FAST AND THERMAL NEUTRON REMOVAL CROSS-SECTION FOR CERAMIC GLASS ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE
(Dergipark, 2024-09-08) Yıldırım, Aydın
This study investigates the effectiveness of transparent aluminum oxynitride (AlON) in neutron shielding, focusing on both fast and thermal neutrons. Using conventional radiation attenuation parameters, the macroscopic neutron removal cross-sections of AlON were calculated for varying neutron energies and material thicknesses. The Geant4 simulation toolkit was employed to model and analyze the neutron interactions with AlON. The results indicate that AlON exhibits a high neutron shielding capacity for fast neutrons (2 MeV), with transmission factor values ranging from 0.783 to 0.260 for material thicknesses between 1 and 10 cm. These values are nearly identical to those for water, which range from 0.782 to 0.257, highlighting AlON's comparable performance. However, for thermal neutrons, AlON's performance was less effective, only surpassing lead but not concrete or water. The findings suggest that while AlON is highly effective for fast neutron shielding, it may require complementary materials to adequately shield thermal neutrons. This could involve using AlON in combination with other materials to create a more comprehensive neutron shielding solution. AlON shows significant potential as a neutron shielding material, particularly for fast neutrons. Its integration with additional shielding materials could enhance its overall effectiveness, making it suitable for various nuclear and radiation protection applications.
First constraints on Non-minimally coupled Natural and Coleman-Weinberg inflation in the light of massive neutrino self-interactions and Planck+BICEP/Keck
(SISSA, 2024-07-22) Bostan, Nilay; Roy Choudhuryb, Shouvik
In this work, for the first time in literature, we compare the predictions of nonminimally coupled Natural and Coleman-Weinberg potentials in the ns − r plane against the constraints from the latest cosmological data in an extended ΛCDM model where we include non-standard self-interactions among massive neutrinos, mediated by a heavy scalar or vector boson. For the inflationary potentials, we consider two different formulations in gravity that are non-minimally coupled to the scalar field of the inflaton: Metric and Palatini. We only consider the self-interaction to be present among τ-neutrinos and only at moderate strengths. This is because strong interactions among τ-neutrinos, or any strength self-interaction among electron- and muon-neutrinos, as well as any strength flavor-universal interactions, are strongly disfavoured from particle physics experiments. In terms of cosmological data, we use the latest public CMB datasets from Planck and BICEP/Keck collaborations, along with other data from CMB lensing, BAO, RSD, and SNe Ia luminosity distance measurements. We find that there are some situations where predictions from the inflationary models are ruled out at more than 2σ by the minimal ΛCDM+r model, but they are allowed in the self-interacting neutrino scenario.
Gamma rays induced enhancement in the phytonutrient capacities of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
(Frontiers, 2023-08-03) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; İç Erhan; Özmen Dilan; Bulut F. Şebnem; Ergun Ece; Kantoğlu Ömer; Özçoban Mustafa
One of the most important problems for the field-grown Ayaş tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Ayas population), which is preferred for consumption in Central Anatolia because of its aromatic taste, is that the shelf life is short because of insufficient fruit firmness. Therefore, a study was initiated to develop high-quality lines and variety candidates through mutation breeding in the current Ayaş population. In this study, the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was found to be 150 Gy for seeds using a Cobalt-60 gamma ray source. The main mutant population was generated by applying EMD50. During the study, mutant lines selected by following the classicalmutation breeding stages were evaluated in terms of yield and quality traits (antioxidant content, total soluble solid amount, fruit firmness, Brix, etc.) starting from the M4 stage. One of our aims was to determine and improve the phytonutrient content of field-grown tomatoes. The fruits of selected lines at the M4 stage were extracted by liquid-liquid partition and accelerated solvent extraction techniques and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in this study. Itwas found that 28 of the 29mutant lines were significantly different from the control and mutant lines. Mutant lines 9-22, 8-90, 8-135, and 8-127 were determined to be the most promising for commercialization.
GAMMA RAYS INDUCED ENHANCEMENT IN THE PHYTONUTRIENT CAPACITIES OF TOMATO (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
(Frontiers, 2023-08-03) Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; İç, Erhan; Özmen, Dilan; Bulut, F. Şebnem; Ergun, Ece; Kantoğlu, Ömer; Özçoban, Mustafa
One of the most important problems for the field-grown Ayaş tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Ayas population), which is preferred for consumption in Central Anatolia because of its aromatic taste, is that the shelf life is short because of insufficient fruit firmness. Therefore, a study was initiated to develop high-quality lines and variety candidates through mutation breeding in the current Ayaş population. In this study, the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was found to be 150 Gy for seeds using a Cobalt-60 gamma ray source. The main mutant population was generated by applying EMD50. During the study, mutant lines selected by following the classical mutation breeding stages were evaluated in terms of yield and quality traits (antioxidant content, total soluble solid amount, fruit firmness, Brix, etc.) starting from the M4 stage. One of our aims was to determine and improve the phytonutrient content of field-grown tomatoes. The fruits of selected lines at the M4 stage were extracted by liquidliquid partition and accelerated solvent extraction techniques and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in this study. It was found that 28 of the 29 mutant lines were significantly different from the control and mutant lines. Mutant lines 9-22, 8-90, 8-135, and 8-127 were determined to be the most promising for commercialization.
Inflation and reheating predictions of minimally coupled β-exponential potential with an R2 term in the Palatini formulation
(T.C. Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, 2024-08-29) Bostan, Nilay; Dejrah, Rafid H.
In this work, we focus on the inflationary predictions of β-exponential potential models, where the field delineating the size of extra-dimension is represented as the inflaton. We include an R2 term in the Palatini gravity since it provides a well-motivated starting point for the analysis of physics at very high energies. Furthermore, the inflaton oscillates around the minimum of the inflation potential until the universe is reheated at the end of the inflationary epoch. This occurs during the reheating phase, at which inflaton decays into the Standard Model particles, which filled the universe. Regardingly, we extend our examination by taking into consideration the reheating effects on inflationary observables. Assuming the standard thermal history after inflation, we present the inflationary predictions, ns,r, dns/d ln k of β-exponential potential with minimal coupling in Palatini R2 gravity by considering the reheating cases. We show that this specific kind of model allows one to study a wide range of predictions to have a better analysis for the inflationary era by adjusting the model parameters, α, β, λ. In addition, different kinds of constraints from a variety of observations, such as BICEP/Keck, Planck 2018, the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), as well as future possible detectable constraints by CMB-S4 are taken into consideration in this study. We find that our results are in good agreement with the recent data and sensitivity forecast for the future CMB-S4.
Inflation in symmergent metric-Palatini gravity
(Sissa, 2024-02-21) Bostan, Nilay; Karahan, Canan; Sargın, Ozan
In this paper, we study the cosmological inflation phenomenon in symmergent gravity theory. Symmergent gravity is a novel framework which merges gravity and the standard model (SM) so that the gravity emerges from the matter loops and restores the broken gauge symmetries along the way. Symmergent gravity is capable of inducing the gravitational constant G and the quadratic curvature coefficient cO from the loop corrections of the matter sector in a flat space-time. In the event that all the matter fields, including the beyond the standard model (BSM) sector, are mass degenerate, the vacuum energy can be expressed in terms of G and cO. The parameter which measures the deviation from the mass degeneracy is dubbed ˆ α. The parameters, cO and ˆ α, of symmergent gravity convey the information about the fermion and boson balance in the matter (SM+BSM) sector in number and in mass, respectively. In our analysis, we have investigated the space of the symmergent parameters cO and ˆ α wherein they produce results that comply with the inflationary observables ns, r, and dns/dlnk. Wehaveshownthatthevacuumenergytogetherwiththequadraticcurvaturetermarising in the symmergent gravity prescription are capable of inflating the universe provided that the quadratic curvature coefficient cO is negative (which corresponds to fermion dominance in number in the matter sector) and the deviation from the mass degeneracy in the matter sector is minute for both boson mass dominance and fermion mass dominance cases.
Influence of calcination conditions on deep eutectic solvents (DES) leaching efficiency of light rare earth elements in bastnasite ore
(ELSEVIER, 2024-11-02) Kaplan, S. Samet; Kurtulan, Cisem Celik; Gurmen, Sebahattin; Orhan, Gokhan; Sonmez, Mehmet Seref
In this century, our daily life is surrounded by technological devices, and Rare Earth Elements (REE) are at the heart of this technological revolution. They are always listed having the highest supply risk in critical minerals published by different countries. From that point of view, their extraction, and creating a secured supply chain is always crucial. In this research, the influence of calcination conditions on REE extraction from bastnasite ore was studied. Identical leaching in Ethylene Glycol (EG)-FeCl3 media which is one of the Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) was applied to different calcines to understand calcination parameters on leaching efficiency. After conducting experiments created by Box-Behnken approach with different parameters of temperature, duration, and particles size, the highest Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) extraction efficiency of 67.22 wt% was achieved at 900◦ C. However, while conducting control experiments, the highest extraction efficiency was found to be 75.986 wt% as a median of the experiments conducted at 500 ◦C during 180 min, and with particles finer than 25 µm. This efficiency increase with decreasing temperature is explained by Ce phase transformation from Ce2O3 to CeO2 as proved by XRD analysis. In addition to temperature, particle size was also found highly effective in extraction efficiency especially in Ce extraction. At the experiments conducted at 900 ◦C, and 270 min but with particles at different size ranges, Ce extraction dramatically dropped from 71.061 wt% to 9.587 wt% at the experiment conducted with finer particles. This lose in efficiency is directly correlated to increasing Ce phase transformation rate due to increasing surface area of fine particles. Non-calcined ore was also leached with DES, and only 10.977 wt% LREE could be extracted. Furthermore, it is concluded that calcination is of vital importance to transform the ore into a soluble form, and temperature, and particle size ranges are found to be two fundamental parameters for tuning the extraction efficiency.
Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Pollen Viability, Pollen Tube Growth, and Fruit Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(The Horticulture Journal / The Japanese Society of Horticulture, 2024-03-16) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; 372103
The goal of this study was to assess whether irradiated pollen technology could be used in tomato breeding research. The effects of irradiation on pollen viability, fruit set rate, and embryo formation were investigated. For this purpose, pollens were exposed to gamma rays of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Grays (Gy). The effect of irradiation on pollen viability and tube growth was found to be significant based on counting and measurements performed under in vitro conditions at 24, 48, 72, and 144 h after irradiation. Fruit set and embryo formation in seeds were evaluated 30 days after pollination with pollen irradiated at different doses. It was determined that increasing the irradiation dose resulted in reduced pollen viability and tube length. Endosperm formation was detected in all seeds after 50 Gy of irradiation. However, 50 Gy had no effect on gynogenesis stimulation. Therefore, 100, 200, and 300 Gy doses stimulated embryo formation without endosperm, while 400 Gy of irradiated pollen did not support fruit to set. These results indicate the importance of harvesting time to obtain viable embryos. It should be retracted to an earlier time since late harvest resulted in necrosis of globular embryos on the 30th day after irradiation. Pollination with one-day-old irradiated pollen was more suitable for gynogenesis induction. The results showed that the irradiated pollen technique can be applied in tomato breeding studies, especially in terms of purifying the obtained breeding lines in a shorter time. In particular, determining the appropriate induction dose for gynogenesis depending on the genotype is important for stimulation efficiency.
Investigation of the Effects of Ion Sources and RF Power on the Neutron Production Rate at SNRTC-IEC Fusion Device
(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-08-19) Bölükdemir, Arife Seda; Olgaç, Yeşim; Alaçakır, Ali
The studies on inertial electrostatic confinement device are generally focused to increase the particle production. One way to achieve this is to increase the number of the ion source. In this study, D-D fusion reaction was carried out in the SNRTC-IEC fusion device (previously at TAEK, now re-established as TENMAK) at 85 kV cathode voltage and 5×10-4 mbar pressure, and the effect of ion sources and RF power on the neutron production rate was investigated. To ensure a high concentration of ions in the center of the cathode, three Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) deuterium ion sources were added to this device. As the number of ion sources increased from 1 to 3, the neutron production rate increased from 2.3 104 n/s to 3.6 105 n/s. Two ion source configurations were used to examine the effect of RF power. It was observed that when the RF power was increased from 40 W to 200 W the neutron production rate increased linearly from 4.6 104 n/s to 1.7 105 n/s.

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