Makale 2020-2029 yılları

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Achieving superior strength and ductility in oxide dispersion strengthened IN625 alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion
(ELSEVIER, 2024-12-19) Demirci, Kadir Tuğrul; Özalp, Ali; Güner Gürbüz, Selen Nimet; Bükülmez, İlhan; Aksu, Erhan; Aydoğan, Eda
In this study, a new grade of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Inconel 625 (IN625) alloy having the composition of 0.3 wt% Y2O3 – 0.4 wt% Hf – IN625 has been developed and produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Production parameters have been determined for standard and ODS IN625 alloys to yield >99.9% densification. Microstructural analyses reveal similar texture along <001> while a larger but homogenous strain distribution exist in ODS IN625. Nano-particles are determined to be mostly Y-Hf-O and Y2O3 with an average size of ~30 ± 18 nm and 2.2 ± 1.1x1013 m-2 areal fraction. Tensile tests at room temperature (RT) and 700 °C demonstrate superior mechanical properties of ODS-IN625, particularly at elevated temperatures. While the yield strengths of standard and ODS IN625 alloys are similar (~680 MPa), ductility of ODS IN625 is slightly larger at RT. However, the yield strength of ODS-IN625 increased by 7.4%, reaching ~580 MPa, compared to the standard IN625, which has a yield strength of ~540 MPa at 700 °C. More notably, the ductility of ODS IN625 shows a remarkable improvement, increasing from ~12% in the standard IN625 to ~22%, representing an increase of more than 80%. Detailed microstructural analyses on the fracture surfaces of the ODS IN625 alloys exhibit submicron dimples, as well as an extensive amount of dislocation loops, Lomer-Cortrel (L-C) locks, and stacking fault tetrahedra. Nano-oxides were determined to be responsible for the dislocation wall structure and dislocation distribution which in turn improves the mechanical properties. This study sheds light on tailoring the strength-ductility balance in IN625 alloys by introducing the nano-oxide particles and perceiving the mechanism of this improvement.
Assesment of Cyclotron Produced 64Cu Radionuclide with Monte Carlo Simulations
(Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu (TENMAK), 2024-05-15) Yıldırım, Aydın; Boztosun, İsmail
Physical yields and activities of theranostic radioisotope 64Cu were calculated via Monte Carlo simulations. Geant4 simulation toolkit is employed for the Monte Carlo calculations. The study is based on proton irradiation of solid targets at cyclotron facilities. Two types of target material were investigated: Nickel and Zinc. Also, two different target thickness and two beam angles were assessed in order to see the change of yields and activities. The optimum results were achieved at 150 μm thickness, 24 MeV beam energy and 5◦ beam angle for the nickel target, and 150 μm thickness, 30 MeV beam energy and 5◦ beam angle for the zinc target.
Assessment of low-energy electron beam irradiation for effective surface microbial decontamination of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaves
(ELSEVIER, 2025-05-12) Turan, Ozlem; Cetintas, Aydin Ozan; Gokalp, Metin; Halkman, Hilal Beyhan; Ic, Erhan; Kantoglu, Omer; Kantoglu, Kadriye Yaprak
Microbial contamination in fresh produce, particularly leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach, constitutes a significant public health concern due to infections caused by enteropathogens. Therefore, low-energy electron beam (LEEB) irradiation has been introduced to ensure microbial decontamination, analogous to conventional irradiation applications. This study examines the efficacy of LEEB irradiation in reducing bacterial contamination in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and determines the radiation sensitivity of target microorganisms through D10 values compares it with the gamma-ray treatment. Hydroponically cultivated lettuce samples were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7. Following LEEB treatment, the D10 values of four pathogens were calculated between 0.371, and 0.737 kGy, whereas gamma irradiation resulted in lower values of 0.262-0.327 kGy. These results suggest that LEEB doses in the range of approximately 1.7 to 3 kGy may be sufficient to achieve an average 4-log reduction in pathogens. Additionally, the effects of LEEB irradiation on the physicochemical properties of lettuce were evaluated immediately after irradiation at doses of 1, 3, and 5 kGy. While no statistically significant differences were observed in color and total vitamin C (p>0.05), bioactive compound levels increased at higher doses (p<0.05). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed minimal structural alterations. These findings suggest that LEEB irradiation effectively decontaminates lettuce while maintaining its physicochemical integrity and enhancing its bioactive properties, presenting a promising and very important approach for improving fresh produce safety.
Average glandular doses and national diagnostic reference levels in mammography examinations in Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2020-05) Parmaksız, Aydın; Ataç, G. K.; Bulur, Emine; İnal, Tolga; Alhan, Aslıhan; AAH-5187-2020; 0000-0003-4000-5175; TAEK-Radyasyon ve Hızlandırıcı Teknolojileri Dairesi Başkanlığı
In order to establish National Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) for mammography examinations, Entrance Skin Air Kerma (ESAK), Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) and Average Glandular Doses (AGDs) were calculated for a total of 25624 cranio-caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) projections of 6309 patients for 40-49 and 50-64 age groups. The average ESAK and ESD values for both age groups were found to be higher in MLO projections compared to CC projections. The minimum and maximum values of AGDs were determined as 0.4 mGy and 7.9 mGy for both projections. The maximum numbers of AGDs for CC and MLO projections were calculated in the range of 1.1-1.5 mGy and 1.6-2.0 mGy respectively. The third quartile values of AGDs were calculated for each compressed breast thickness (CBT) between 20 mm and 99 mm. The first National DRLs of the country were established for each 10 mm CBT in mammography examinations.
Beneficiation of Eskişehir Beylikova Bastnasite Ore and Rare Earth Elements Recovery
(Scopus, 2023-11-14) Türker, Gülşah; Koç Delice, Tülay; Temizkalb, Arda; Özgür, Özgün Cem; Soydaş Sözer, Belma
Unique magnetic, optical and electrical properties of rare earth elements (REEs) have be come essential in modern high technology. Considering this necessity of technology, efficient man agement and utilization of rare earth resources is of great importance. Even though there are more than 250 rare earth minerals in around the world, the number of minerals that can be economically processed, not exceeding three. Among these minerals, bastnaesite, has a significant impact on sci entific advancement and social progress. This project aims to contribute to the establishment of a sustainable supply chain for REE in Turkey and Europe by conducting research and development activities to leverage the utilization of REEs found in our country. The primary objective of this project is to extract rare earth oxides from complex ore in the Eskişehir Beylikova region, which holds the largest reserve potential discovered in our country, and to refine these metal oxides to produce metals that can be used in magnet manufacturing. The project encom passes five main work packages during three years: Project management, ore enrichment, solvent extraction based purification, utilization of REOs and metals in additive material and magnet pro duction.
Bitkilerde mutagen uygulamaları ile genetik çeşitliliğin artırılması ve sebze ıslahında kullanımı
(Gece Kitaplığı, 2021-12-25) Kökpınar, Şule; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Ellialtıoğlu, Şeküre Şebnem; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7247-9116; TENMAK-Nükleer Enerji Araştırma Enstitüsü-Ankara
Boron and Zinc Co‑doped Hydroxyapatites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
(Springer Nature, 2025-07-30) Akbaba Sema; Turacli Karaguven Senem Ozge; Evis Zafer; Tezcaner Aysen
In this study, effects of B and Zn co-doping on structural and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) were investigated. Effect of co-doping on synthesized HA groups was characterized by SEM, ICP-OES, XRD, FTIR, and dynamic light scattering. It was revealed that 8 mol% B led to a decrease in particle size, whereas increasing Zn resulted in increasing mean particle size. FTIR spectra verified presence of PO4 3− and BO3 3− in the HA structure. XRD analysis revealed that both B and Zn decreased HA phase percentage, crystallinity and crystallite size. Bioactivity of the HA groups increased with presence of B and Zn. Dual effect of B and Zn on viability and proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) was also investigated. It was found that 8 mol% B doped and all B & Zn-doped HA groups increased cell viability and proliferation, except 8 mol% B & 8 mol% Zn doped HA. Moreover, 0.5 mg/ml 8 mol% B & 4 mol% Zn doped HA group significantly increased 14-day ALP activity of hADSCs and vessel area of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overall, Co-doping of B (8 mol%) and Zn (4 mol%) to HA provided both proliferative and osteogenic effects on hADSCs and angiogenic effect on HUVECs. Our findings suggest that B and Zn co-doped HA holds promise for bone tissue engineering applications.
Boron Salicylate Ester Compounds as Boron Therapeutics. Their Synthesis, Structural Characterizations and Anticancer Effects Against MDA-MB-231
(SPRINGER NATURE, 2024-10-03) Bolat, Melda; Köse, Dursun Ali; Akbaba, Sema
The element boron forms a wide range of borate minerals with different properties. Borate minerals make it possible to design boron-containing molecules with new biological properties in terms of their chemical structure and properties. It is known that boron compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties. This makes boron compounds important for the future development of boron chemotherapeutics, boron supplements and new drugs. Reliable scientific studies on boron compounds will facilitate the clear presentation of their functions in its biological applications and metabolism. In this study, boron monoester and boron diester structures were synthesized with salicylic acid ligand. To stabilize boron ester structures, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ cations were used as counter-ions. Structural properties of the synthesized substances, molecules obtained by crystallization/precipitation from aqueous solutions in solid state, elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), mass analysis (GC-MS) and single crystal analysis. Structural properties were tried to be explained by structure analysis (SC-XRD) methods. Additionally, the anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters against the MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line was examined. The K-B salicylate diester molecule was found to have the most potential potency with the lowest IC50 value against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The anticancer potential of boron salicylate esters can be further investigated with other cancer models with the combination of anticancer drugs. It is also thought that the mechanism of action of these molecules may help reveal their further applications.
Callus and suspension culture techniques optimized for use in carrot breeding studies (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef and D. carota)
(TAGEM, 2023-02-02) Büyükdinç Turan, Damla; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Karataş, Arzu; Ellialtıoğlu, Şebnem
In this study, studies were conducted to optimize callus and suspension culture methods for in vitro mutation breeding in purple and orange carrots. Following this, the developed mutant lines were subjected to in vitro salt stress selection. The study determined the optimal agar dose. The first germination, 50% germination, rootcotyledon formation and genuine leaf formation in carrot seedlings were analyzed daily in the study, which was continued with the determined 7g/L agar dose. The cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from the seedlings were cultivated for callus production in mixtures of MS-1, MS-2 and MS-3 nutritional medium. In the second and fourth weeks following the second subculture, callus production percentages and weights were measured. The MS-3 (1 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L kinetin) nutritional medium and hypocotyl explant were found to be particularly effective at producing callus. The second subculture's data on the number of plants that had successfully regenerated per callus, showed that the MS nutritional medium with 0.2 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ) was the best medium for plant regeneration. The dispersed calli were grown in a nutritional medium designed for suspension culture in a nutrient medium mixture comprising MS+0.1 mg/L kinetin. The results obtained with the optimization steps were used in the ongoing study.
Characterization of mutant garlic genotypes based on volatile sulfur compounds and mineral content
(Journal of Elementology, 2022-06-18) Beşirli, Gülay; Karakan, Faika Yaralı; Sönmez, İbrahim; Çetin, Berna Ergun; Erol, Ümit Haydar; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Kunter, Burak; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7247-9116; TENMAK-Nükleer Enerji Araştırma Enstitüsü-Ankara
This study was conducted to determine volatile sulfur compounds and mineral content of mutant garlic genotypes. The volatile sulfur compounds analysis was performed with a gas chromatography- mass spectrometer. The mineral content of mutant garlic genotypes was determined with an atomic absorption spectrometer and flame photometer. The results indicated that mutant garlic genotypes showed large variation in terms of their content of volatile sulfur compounds and minerals. A total of 16 volatile sulfur compounds were detected, which were mainly diallyl disulfide (68.09%), disulfide methyl propyl (52.34%), disulfide methyl 2-propenyl (29.81%), sulfide allyl methyl (25.72%), diallyl sulfide (22.38%) and disulfide dimethyl (9.88%). The macroand micro-elements detected in mutant garlic genotypes were K (232.45-513.25 mg L-1), Ca (2.19-7.35 mg L-1), Mg (7.38-21.64 mg L-1), Na (4.52-13.18 mg L-1), Cu (0.01-0.15 mg L-1), Fe (0.13-1.25 mg L-1), Mn (0.10-0.27 mg L-1), and Zn (0.12-0.69 mg L-1). As a result, it was determined that the content of both volatile sulfur compounds and minerals in mutant garlic genotypes was higher than in the control (cv. ‘Taşköprü 56’). The genotypes which had a higher content of both volatile sulfur compounds and minerals were GM1, GM8, GM18, GM20, GM21, GM22, GM33, GM35, GM36, GM37, GM39, GM40, GM46, and GM51. The research findings are extremely valuable in revealing the originality of mutant garlic genotypes obtained by mutation breeding, and establishing the foundation for an assessment of mutant garlic genotypes to be used in breeding programs.
Characterization of tomato genotypes by simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers
(Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2021-12-05) Aziz, Sibel; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Tomlekova, Nasya; Staykova, Teodora; Ganeva, Daniela; Sarsu, Fatma; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7247-9116; TENMAK-Nükleer Enerji Araştırma Enstitüsü-Ankara
Microsatellites are highly polymorphic regions containing gene loci represented by multiple alleles of different lengths and nucleotide sequences. The purpose of this study was to identify reproducible specific molecular profiles of tomato varieties and F1 hybrids from the collection of the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Bulgaria, and of mutant lines from the Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Turkey, by detecting polymorphic microsatellite loci as markers. The study included five varieties, four F1 hybrids Bulgarian tomato, five Turkish mutant lines, and an initial landrace analysed with 19 SSR markers located in different chromosomes of the tomato genome at a distance of 6.0 cM to 146.0 cM. Fifteen microsatellite markers were used to generate polymorphic profiles. The number of bands per microsatellite locus ranged from one to eight, with a total of 62 bands among the markers analysed. The average number of SSR alleles per locus was 3.26. The dendrogram constructed with the values of genetic distance showed that all fifteen genotypes are grouped into two major clusters. Twelve form one main cluster with subclusters, while the rest of them form the other cluster. The results of the present study complement the data on the genetic heterogeneity of tomatoes and could be useful for tomato breeding programes.
Çin Karanfili (Dianthus chinensis L.) İçin Mutasyon Islahı Çalışmasına Yönelik Etkili Mutasyon Dozun Belirlenmesi
(Dergipark, 2024-10-14) Çakın, Irmak; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; Kunter, Burak; Göktuğ, Aslıhan
Karanfil süs bitkileri içinde mutasyon ıslahına en yatkın olan türlerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada ticari öneme sahip Çin karanfili çeşidinde (Dianthus chinensis L.) yeni çeşit geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak yürütülmesi planlanan mutasyon ıslahı çalışması için çeşide özgü etkili mutasyon dozunun belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Etkili mutasyon dozunun (EMD50) belirlenmesinde fiziksel mutagen olarak (Sezyum 137) Cs137 gamma kaynağı kullanılmıştır. Karanfil tohumlarına 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ve 600 Gy olmak üzere yedi farklı dozda ışınlama yapılmıştır. Her doz için otuz adet tohum ekilmiş olup, bu tohumların ışınlamadan 30 gün sonraki bitki gelişimleri gözlenmiştir. Işınlamadan ardından otuzuncu günde elde edilen bitkilerde sürgün gelişimine yönelik ölçümler alınmıştır. Bu ölçümlerden elde edilen ortalama veriler ile lineer regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilerek EMD50 belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuncunda 172.16 Gy’lik doz EMD50 değeri olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Çin Karanfili (Dianthus chinensis L.) İçin Mutasyon Islahı Çalışmasına Yönelik Etkili Mutasyon Dozun Belirlenmesi
(D.Ü Ormancılık Dergisi, 2024-12-28) Çakın, Irmak; Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Kunter, Burak; Göktuğ, Aslıhan
Karanfil süs bitkileri içinde mutasyon ıslahına en yatkın olan türlerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada ticari öneme sahip Çin karanfili çeşidinde (Dianthus chinensis L.) yeni çeşit geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak yürütülmesi planlanan mutasyon ıslahı çalışması için çeşide özgü etkili mutasyon dozunun belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Etkili Mutasyon Dozunun (EMD50) belirlenmesinde fiziksel mutagen olarak (Sezyum 137) Cs137 gamma kaynağı kullanılmıştır. Karanfil tohumlarına 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ve 600 Gy olmak üzere yedi farklı dozda ışınlama yapılmıştır. Her doz için otuz adet tohum ekilmiş olup, bu tohumların ışınlamadan 30 gün sonraki bitki gelişimleri gözlenmiştir. Işınlamanın ardından otuzuncu günde elde edilen bitkilerde sürgün gelişimine yönelik ölçümler alınmıştır. Bu ölçümlerden elde edilen ortalama veriler ile lineer regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilerek EMD50 belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuncunda 172.16 Gy’lik doz EMD50 değeri olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Beneficiation Routes for Rare Earth Element Recovery from Coal Bottom Ash: A Case Study from Soma Power Plant, Türkiye
(Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Ankara, Türkiye, 2026-01-14) ULUCAN Tülin; GÜVEN, Gülşah; DİNÇ, N. İlkyaz; PURAL, Y. Enes; YÜCE, A. Ekrem; SOYDAŞ SÖZER, Belma; BURAT, Fırat
The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal combustion by-products has attracted increasing attention due to their strategic importance and supply constraints. This study evaluates the recovery potential of REEs from bottom ash (BA) produced by the Soma Thermal Power Plant through an integrated physical–chemical beneficiation route. Characterization indicated that REEs are mainly hosted in aluminosilicate glass and mullite phases, showing limited liberation. Physical separation methods, including jigging, shaking table, centrifugal (MGS and Knelson), and magnetic separation, achieved only minor enrichment because of the low density and encapsulation of REE-bearing phases. To overcome these limitations, sequential alkaline and acid leaching were employed. Alkaline pretreatment using 5 mol/L NaOH at 90 °C for 4 h partially decomposed the matrix and improved REE accessibility. Subsequent HCl leaching (5 mol/L, 90 °C, 3 h) resulted in the highest ΣREE recovery (>80%) for the −0.106 mm fraction, while 4 mol/L HCl and −0.3 mm conditions provided a more selective and stable extraction. The combined alkaline–acid leaching process demonstrated a synergistic enhancement in REE mobilization. Overall, sequential chemical leaching offers an effective and scalable approach for REE recovery from coal combustion residues, supporting resource efficiency and waste valorization.
Descriptive process mineralogy to evaluate physical enrich-ment potential of malatya/kuluncak rare earth ore through MLA
(2022-12) Ersoy, Burakhan; Beşirli, M. Umut; Topal, Selim; Soydaş Sözer, Belma; Burat, Fırat; TENMAK-Nadir Toprak Elementleri Araştırma Enstitüsü
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are indispensable parts of magnetic, phosphor, metal alloys, catalysts, ceramics, glass, polishing, and defense systems industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Currently, China is the largest supplier in the world with a production of more than 95% of the world’s Rare Earth Oxides (REO). To reduce the influence of China on the REE market, the countries have started to develop their national strategies for the production and use of REE-bearing resources. Within the scope of this study, particle size, chemical, MLA, XRD, and SEM-EDS analysis were performed for material character-ization, and shaking table, centrifugal, and magnetic separations were carried out for the beneficiation of Malatya/Kuluncak rare earth ore. The XRD analysis indicated that the representative sample consists of major minerals such as albite, calcite, montmo-rillonite, muscovite, titanite, kaolinite, clinochlore, and aegirine. Parisite, bastnaesite, Zr-REE-Silicate, Fe-REE-Oxide, and Ca-Ti-Nb-REE-Oxide were detected as REE-bearing minerals by MLA. The chemical analysis resulted in a ∑REO grade of 3,628 g/t and the ore consists of mostly light REE. According to the result of the gravity separation for the coarsest fraction, about 11.3% by weight of the total feed was concentrated as a heavy product assaying 6,437 g/t ∑REO. As a result of magnetic separa-tion, magnetic products with 5,561 g/t and 6,013 g/t ∑REO were obtained at coarse and fine fractions, respectively. Finally, the characterization studies and enrichment results were correlated, and very important and meaningful indications about the be-havior of REE-bearing minerals were obtained.
Descriptive Process Mineralogy to Evaluate Physical Enrich-ment Potential of Malatya/Kuluncak Rare Earth Ore through MLA
(MDPI, 2023-09-12) Ersoy, Burakhan; Beşirli, Mehmet Umut; Topal, Selim; Soydaş Sözer, Belma; Burat, Fırat
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are indispensable parts of magnetic, phosphor, metal alloys, catalysts, ceramics, glass, pol-ishing, and defense systems industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Currently, China is the largest sup-plier in the world with a production of more than 95% of the world’s Rare Earth Oxides (REO). To reduce the influence of China on the REE market, the countries have started to develop their national strategies for the production and use of REE-bearing resources. Within the scope of this study, particle size, chemical, MLA, XRD, and SEM-EDS analysis were performed for material characterization, and shaking table, centrifugal, and magnetic separations were carried out for the beneficiation of Mala-tya/Kuluncak rare earth ore. The XRD analysis indicated that the representative sample consists of major minerals such as albite, calcite, montmorillonite, muscovite, titanite, kaolinite, clinochlore, and aegirine. Parisite, bastnaesite, Zr-REE-Silicate, Fe-REE-Oxide, and Ca-Ti-Nb-REE-Oxide were detected as REE-bearing minerals by MLA. The chemical analysis resulted in a ∑REO grade of 3,628 g/t and the ore consists of mostly light REE. According to the result of the gravity separation for the coars-est fraction, about 11.3% by weight of the total feed was concentrated as a heavy product assaying 6,437 g/t ∑REO. As a result of magnetic separation, magnetic products with 5,561 g/t and 6,013 g/t ∑REO were obtained at coarse and fine fractions, respective-ly. Finally, the characterization studies and enrichment results were correlated, and very important and meaningful indications about the behavior of REE-bearing minerals were obtained.
Determination of Effective Mutation Dose (ED50) To Be Used In Variety Treatment In Tea Plant
(Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 2025-07-29) Karaoğlu Göksu, Burcu; Kaçar Aka, Yıldız; Yazıcı, Keziban
Although tea is cultivated only in the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye, all tea plantations in the area have been established from seeds since the beginning of tea farming. This has negatively affected both yield and quality. The high level of heterozygosity in tea plants and the presence of self-incompatibility mechanisms prolong breeding efforts. Mutation breeding is used as a fast and practical method to induce genetic variation. In leading tea-producing countries such as China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka, commercially important tea cultivars have been developed through mutation breeding. However, no such studies have been conducted in Türkiye. This study aimed to determine the effective mutation dose that can be used to induce variation in tea plants. The research was conducted between 2020 and 2021 at the Tea Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University. The plant material used was 3–4-node shoots of the Zihni Derin tea cultivar. These shoots were irradiated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 Gray (Gy) doses using the “Ob-Servo Sanguis Co-60 Research Irradiator” gamma irradiation device at the Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency. Single-node cuttings obtained from the irradiated shoots were planted in a peat-vermiculite mixture. Survival and rooting rates of the tea cuttings exposed to different gamma doses were recorded, and shoot length (mm) was measured in the growing tea seedlings. Survival and rooting rates decreased with increasing radiation dose. Based on a probit regression analysis of shoot length, the “Effective Mutation Dose” for tea was determined to be 11.45 Gy. This study represents the first mutation breeding research on tea in Türkiye and is expected to provide a foundation for future work in this field.
Determination of mutagenic-sensitivity and induced variability in the mutant populatıons of ‘Bacardi’ chrysanthemum cultivar
(Genetika Belgrade, 2022-05-26) Haspolat, Gülden; Kunter, Burak; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7247-9116; TENMAK-Nükleer Enerji Araştırma Enstitüsü-Ankara
Mutation breeding is one of the most important breeding method for ornamental plants. Chrysanthemum is the genus that has the richest mutant varieties in ornamental plants. The objective of this study is to create variation by gamma irradiation and improving traits by mutation breeding. For this aim, in vitro bud explants of white Bacardi variety were irradiated by gamma radiation at 20 Gy (Gray). In vitro subcultures were continued until M1V4 period and observations were obtained in this period. Some changes were observed on heights and flowers of the plants such as; variable flowers, flowering time, differentiation on plant length, flower number per bunch and ray floret differentiations. The changes of the ray florets were determined as color changes to pink and yellow. Mutation frequency was calculated by 1.1% of the population. Approximately 0.9% of useful mutant lines determined from the selected mutants.
Determination of the Effective Mutation Dose Through Physical Mutagen Application in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. Heavri) for the Mutation Breeding Program
(Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2026-03-16) Şenay, Ali
The problems caused by climate change have begun to significantly affect all areas of agricultural production. In particular, the increase in temperature and the resulting drought have become major issues for crop species, leading to an increase in annual yield losses. The advantages of millets (such as their nutritional value and high adaptability) are currently being considered in many countries as an alternative to crops that require more irrigation, especially due to the growing problem of drought. Various methods (classical breeding and biotechnological approaches) are being applied for millet breeding worldwide, and among these techniques, mutation breeding is one method that deserves particular attention. Countries that play an important role in millet production have initiated mutation breeding programs at the national and regional levels to increase nutrient content and enhance disease tolerance. In the present study, the ffective mutation dose was determined as a preliminary step to initiate mutation breeding research for pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. Heavri), which has been agronomically examined in Türkiye. For this purpose, millet seeds with 8% moisture content were irradiated with cesium-137 gamma rays, a physical mutagenic source, at seven different doses (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gray). As a result of the plant measurements taken three weeks after irradiation and the linear regression analysis, 174 Gy was determined to be the effective mutation dose. The negative effects of increasing gamma ray doses on plant development were clearly determined on both shoot length and fresh plant weight, and the resulting difference was determined to be statistically important. The 10% lower and upper limits of the effective mutation dose were defined. Irradiation was conducted at doses of 150, 174, and 200 Gray to generate the M1 generation for the Heavri variety.
DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVE MUTATION DOSE AND IMPACTS OF IRRADIATION FOR SOME VEGETABLE SPECIES
(Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, 2025-07-01) Kantoğlu Kadriye Yaprak; Çakın Irmak; Çetintaş Aydın Ozan; Göktuğ Aslıhan; Laouini Mouna
A comparison of winter and summer vegetable species reveals that fewer mutation breeding studies have been conducted on winter varieties. Nevertheless, the effects of global warming and climate change are expected to negatively impact the cultivation of both winter and summer vegetable species alike. Addressing this issue promptly and developing new cultivars as alternatives to existing ones in accordance with current needs is crucial. Mutation breeding methods remain significant in efforts to broaden the diminishing genetic diversity. In this research, various vegetables, including red radish, black radish, white cabbage, broccoli, cress, dill, yellow onion, purple onion, spinach, parsley, and arugula, were exposed to a cesium 137 gamma ray source. The irradiation was conducted at different dose levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 Gy), based on the specific responses of each cultivar. Following irradiation, the seed germination rate, seedling height, seedling fresh and dry weight, and seed vigor were measured, and the effective mutation dose (EMD50) was determined by linear regression analysis. It was found that increasing doses had a negative effect on germination, seed strength, and fresh and dry plant weight, depending on the species. Accordingly, EMD50, which is important in creating an effective mutant population, was determined as 467.62 Gy for red radish, 328.39 Gy for black radish, 354.24 Gy for broccoli, 222.25 Gy for white cabbage, 119.75 Gy for arugula, 160.68 Gy for spinach, 245.96 Gy for yellow onion, 195.55 Gy for purple onion, 132.38 Gy for dill, 1031.68 Gy for cress, and 92.77 Gy for parsley.

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