Konferans 2010-2019 yılları

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Accelerator based fast radiography system for the non destructive analysis and some applications in Turkey
(IAEA, 2014-07-23) Bıyık, Recep; Kam, Erol; 0000-0001-7929-4395; TAEK-ÇNAEM
Different radiography imaging techniques such as x, gamma and neutron grapy are well established techniques for the nondestructive testing (NDT) of materials. But Fast Neutron Radiography (FNR) is relatively new and is being developed. Using this technique all materials such as high density metals, loaded plastics, cadmium, lead, tungsten, concrete etc. can be analyzed. Compare to the other techniques fast neutrons enable non-destructive testing of thicker object The FNR studies were initiated in Turkey at 2007. The aim of this project was to set up a portable fast neutron radiography (FNR) system and to test it for use in nondestructive testing of different composite materials. In the fast neutron radiography systems accelerator based neutron generators are used which requires a particle accelerator and a target. Proton or deuteron beam is accelerated to the desired energy and bombards the target material to produce fast neutrons by a nuclear reaction. DT neutron source was used fusion of a deuterium and a tritium atom (D + T) results in the formation of a He-4 ion and a neutron with a kinetic energy of approximately 14.1 MeV. In this study we have only demonstrated a portable digital fast neutron radiography system and some images of the different composite materials to show efficiency. Experiments were carried out by using fast portative neutron generator Thermo Fischer MP320 and Low Energy Ion Accelerator Sames T400 at Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre.
Burnup calculations of TR-2 research reactor with monteburns Monte Carlo code
(2012-09-25) Özdemir, Levent; Erdoğan, Adem; Şentürk Lüle, Senem; TAEK-ÇNAEM
In this study, some neutronic calculations of first and second core cycles of 5 MW pool type TR-2 Research Reactor have been performed using Multi-Step Monte Carlo Burnup Code System MONTEBURNS and the results were compared with the values of experiments and other codes. Time dependent keff distribution and burnup ratios belong to first and second core cycles of TR-2 Research Reactor were compared and quite good consistence in the results were observed. After modeling the first and second core cycles of TR-2 with MCNP5 Monte Carlo code, MCNP5 used in MONTEBURNS code has been parallelized in 8 HP ProLiant BL680C G5 systems with 4 quad-core Intel Xeon E7330 CPU, utilizing the MPI parallel protocol and simulations were performed on the 128 cores Linux parallel computing machine system. The computation time was reduced by parallelization of MONTEBURNS which uses MCNP in many steps.
Burnup calculations of TR-2 research reactor: MONTEBURNS simulations and experimental verifications
(2010-10-17) Özdemir, Levent; Erdoğan, Adem; Şentürk Lüle, Senem; TAEK-ÇNAEM
In this study, some neutronic calculations of first and second core cycles of 5 MW pool type TR-2 Research Reactor have been performed using Multi-Step Monte Carlo Burnup Code System MONTEBURNS and the results were compared with the values of experiments and other codes. Time dependent keff distribution and burnup ratios belong to first and second core cycles of TR-2 Research Reactor were compared and quite good consistence in the results were observed. After modeling the first and second core cycles of TR-2 with MCNP5 Monte Carlo code, MCNP5 used in MONTEBURNS code has been parallelized in a 8 HP ProLiant BL680C G5 systems with 4 quad-core Intel Xeon E7330 CPU, utilizing the MPI parallel protocol and simulations were performed on the 128 cores Linux parallel computing machine system. The computation time was reduced by parallelization of MONTEBURNS which uses MCNP in many steps.
Detection of 2-alkylcyclobutanones in irradiated hamburgers
(Ege Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, 2011-05) Aylangan, Ayça; Vural, Halil; TAEK-SANAEM
Food irradiation is the process of exposing food to ionising irradiation. This technology is used for food hygiene, spoilage reduction and extension of shelf-life. Although properly irradiated food is safe, commercialization of irradiated food requires the available methods to identify irradiated foods. The detection of 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACB’s) is a standard method used for irradiated food whose fat content is higher than 1g %. However, 2-ACB’s are not detected in nonirradiated food samples. In this study, hamburger samples with 0.8 % NaCl content were produced from beef meat and 1.2 kGy were applied to samples. Unirradiated (control) and 1.2 kGy irradiated samples were stored for 8 and 30 days at two different storage temperature (+4 °C and -12 °C). The analysis of 2-ACB’s formed in fat containing irradiated foods with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was evaluated to detect the irradiation on hamburgers. The effect of storage temperatures on formation and diagnosis of 2-dodecycyclobutanone (2-dDCB) of irradiated samples was not significant. 2-dDCB was not determined on the control sample regardless of storage time. As a consequence, 2-ACB’s can be used as an irradiation indicator in foods.
Determination to carry-over nitrogen of legume on succeeding crop using 15N isotope technique
(2018-05) Akın, Ali İbrahim; TAEK-SANAEM
15N metodu kullanarak, Orta Anadolu kuru koşulları altında kışlık ve yazlık olarak ekilen mercimek (Lens culinaris Medic.) bitkisinin biyolojik azot fiksasyon kapasitelerini tespit etmek ve sonar üzerine ekilecek olan buğday bitkisine ne miktar azot kazandırdığını belirlemek amacıyla bir tarla denemesi kurulmuştur. Birinci yıl, kışlık ve yazlık mercimek çeşitlerinin biyolojik azot fiksasyon kapasiteleri 15N metodu kullanarak tespit edilmiştir. İkinci yıl, baklagilden sonra ekilen buğdaya taşınan bakiye azot miktarları belirlenmiştir. Birinci yıl sonuçlarına göre, ortalama fikse edilen azot miktarları kışlık ve yazlık çeşitler için sırasıyla 70.0 ve 45.0 kgN/ha olarak bulunmuştur. İkinci yıl, baklagilden sonra ekilen buğdaya ortalama topraktan taşınan azot miktarları, ön bitki kışlık ve yazlık mercimek olduğunda, sırasıyla 43.0 and 17.0 kgN/ha olarak belirlenmiştir.
EPR studies performed in TAEA- SANAEM and two more approaches on nail dosimetry : An EPR study
(International Association of Biological, 2015-12) Tepe Çam, Semra; TAEK-SANAEM
The missions of Turkish Atomic Enery Authority and its center called Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training center (SANAEM) and the accreditation scope of SANAEM (Table 1) will be presented. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies of Dosimetry laboratory in Technology Department cover Retrospective Dosimetry, Detection of Irradiated Foods, Biodosimetry and Dating. To fulfill the accreditation requirements of TS EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard, this laboratory have performed intercomparion studies on dosimetry and detection of irradiated foodstuffs. In this presentation, EPR studies on fingernail dosimetry as biodosimetry for emergency will also be discussed in detail. These studies have been performed for a long time in means of rapid and accurate retrospective dosimetry. The most important outcome of these studies is the identification of a stable radiation induced signal (RIS5) component in nails by IRSN, France. Here, we present the result of two approaches on nail dosimetry; one based on the described protocol by Trompier et al. 2014 and the other used classical added dose method. The nail samples were collected from same donor cutting after 3 weeks, divided into two groups; one was for non-exposed and the other was exposed to an accident dose as 15 Gy checked by alanin dosimeter, cut into small parts, humidified in distilled water about 10 min. and dried on the towel in air about 1 day (in the dark). To control humidity, the samples were weighted (~ 24 mg) before and after each measurement. In the first protocol; when adding new dose, the process of humidification and drying were repeated before each set of measurements. In the second one; these process were performed only before the first measurement to avoid mechanical induced signals (MIS). The samples were irradiated with 137Cs gamma rays (0.5 kGy/h). EPR measurements were carried out using a Bruker e-scan X-band EPR spectrometer. A microwave power of 1 mW was adjusted during the experiment according to MW studies of background, MIS and RIS signals (not presented). The samples irradiated up to dose of 30 Gy and 168 Gy was used to construct the added dose-response curves in steps of 5 and 10 Gy. The reported intensities of RIS5 and center field signal (near g=2.004) were derived from peak-to-peak distance of the ESR signal. In the first protocol, the dose saturation for the non-exposed sample was reached after having added dose 15 Gy, whereas for exposed, the signal intensity decreased already for the first post-irradiation (Figure 1). It seems that the nails have used have a dose saturation point about 15 Gy. That’s why the signal of sample given accident dose was decreased when adding dose, because of the initial dose of 15 Gy, after it reaches a level for which even with added new dose, the intensity did not change any more. On the other hand, in the second protocol, the ESR signal intensity increases with increasing added dose. The experimentally measured ESR signal intensity values (y) were fitted well by polynomial function (y=aD2+bD+c; -0.003±0.0004, 1.15± 0.07 and 29.29±2.54 ,r2=0.9922). The extrapolated dose was calculated to be 15.84 Gy (Figure 2). Consequently, a new approach in nail dosimetry using the RIS5 component and classical approach using center field RIS signal have been found to be successful methods for the evaluation of dose to fingernails exposed high-doses . Further studies should be planned to test them for lower accident dose on more samples from different individual.
Gamma irradiation of pulses for quality maintenance and introducing food irradiation technology to producers and inspectors
(IAEA, 2014-11) Aylangan, Ayça; İç, Erhan; Özyardımcı, Berna; TAEK-SANAEM
Pulses such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Med), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pea (Pisum satinum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) are a cheap and critical source of plant-based protein and consumed in large quantities in Turkey. 772 thousand hectares of the total sown area in Turkey is utilized for pulses. Turkey had produced 1.2 thousand tons pulses in 2012. Generally, post-harvest losses in pulses (20 – 25 %) mostly are aroused from transportation and storage pest of food in the world. Over the centuries, efforts have been made to control storage losses and maintain the quality of foods. Food irradiation is an effective post-harvest technology as alternative to fumigation for reducing stored product losses. Our study was conceived to evaluate, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the effects of combined gamma irradiation (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 kGy) and storage time on chickpea, kidney bean and green lentil. Total carotenoids, B vitamins (riboflavin and thiamine), oligosaccharides (raffinose and stachyose) and sensory properties were analyzed after the irradiation in 0, 6 and 12 months at during the storage time. The differences bound up in irradiation dose are significant in total carotene results on green lentil samples. The results indicated that non-significant losses in thiamine and riboflavin concentrations for the analyzed samples at three different irradiation dose In contrast, storage time affected significantly (p<0.05) the thiamine and riboflavin concentrations of samples. While effect of storage period was found significant on raffinose and stachyose contents there was not seen any significant changes conditional upon applied irradiation doses. Applied irradiation doses could not be separate from unirradiated samples by panelists as a result of sensory evaluation. The United Nations has declared 2016 as “International Year of Pulses” in the world. The main objective of this initiative would be to raise awareness of the contribution of pulses to food security. Irradiation appears to be superior to other alternatives on the basis of quality maintenance. This data will be useful for the pulse industries in both domestic and international pulses markets, which can use radiation processing as a final step of production in order to make their product safe for direct consumption. In order to make clear irradiation technology as an effective alternative in insect disinfestation of pulses to producers and related investors. We organized a seminar entitled ‘Using food irradiation technology in pulses’ in collaboration with the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce in the May 2011 in Turkey. The event was attended by at least 60 pulse producers, private sector representatives, research institute specialist. Futhermore, we participated in the meeting organized by Rebublic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock including over 150 inspectors and regulators in the November 2012. The meeting discussed the phytosanitary (quarantine) irradiation of pulses as an alternative to fumigation, effects of pulses, cost of irradiated food, national and international regulations about phytosanitary treatments.
Material type and safeguardability considerations for innovative sodium fast reactors fuel including different minor actinides compositions
(Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM ), 2012-07) Renda, G.; Alim, Fatih; Cojazzi, G. G. M.; Peerani, P.; Bölüm Yok
According to the Generation IV International Forum Technology Roadmap, Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR) could be a promising technology for minor actinides management. In view of a much higher radiological barrier, the addition of minor actinides to fresh fuel assemblies would change the way in which fresh fuel can be stored and handled, impacting not only on routine operations but also on the activities carried out during international safeguards inspections. While it is generally considered that the presence of minor actinides in fresh fuel assemblies would decrease the attractiveness of this potential target for a proliferator willing to divert nuclear material - thus increasing the proliferation resistance of the entire facility -, it might have perverse repercussions on the overall safeguardability of the target. In particular, the presence of minor actinides might complicate the measurement activities performed by safeguards inspectors during physical inventory verifications (PIV). The level of impact depends on the actual composition of the available fuel and might affect the current safeguards approach. This paper will present some considerations on a) the fuel assemblies’ material composition and its attractiveness for a potential weaponisation phase, b) the potential increase of the PR of a system employing MA-bearing fresh fuel, and c) the safeguardability of MA-bearing fuel assemblies.
Precise irrigation scheduling using soil moisture sensors
(European Confederation of Soil Science Societies (ECSSS), 2016-07) Akın, Ali İbrahim; Ünlenen, Levent Abdullah; TAEK-SANAEM
Proliferation resistance considerations within the collaborative project for a European sodium fast reactor
(Publications Office of the European Union, 2013) Alim, Fatih; Cojazzi, Giacomo G. M.; Renda, Guido; Bölüm Yok
The collaborative project for a European Sodium Fast Reactor (CP-ESFR) is an international project where 25 European partners developed R&D solutions and concepts for a European sodium fast reactor. The project was funded by the 7th EU Framework Programme and covered topics such that the fuel, the fuel element and the fuel cycle, the safety concepts, the reactor architectures and components and the balance of plant. Within sub-project 3, dedicated to safety, a task addressed proliferation resistance considerations. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Proliferation Resistance & Physical Protection (PR&PP) Evaluation Methodology has been selected as the general framework for this work, complemented by punctual aspects of IAEA-INPRO Proliferation Resistance (PR) assessment methodology and other literature studies in particular for material type characterization. In the paper the main core characteristics and the so called working horses, for a loop and a pool Sodium fast reactor concept are firstly presented, by highlighting those features more relevant for the proliferation resistance. Selected activities carried out in the project for its proliferation resistance considerations are then illustrated.
Quality of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) influenced by gamma irradiation
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2014) Aylangan, Ayça; İç, Erhan; TAEK-SANAEM
Mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) are consumed in large quantities in Turkey and one of the most important exports of the citrus fruits. There were 9829 bearing and 1885 non-bearing trees for mandarin in Turkey where had produced approximately 874 thousand tons mandarin in 2012. Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is a pest of high economic importance, affecting production of several fruit species specially mandarins. Mediterranean fruit fly infestation in mandarin’s fruits has been estimated to be 10 – 30 % and also cause major problems to exports due to quarantine restrictions. Over the centuries, efforts have been made to control storage losses and maintain the quality of foods. Food irradiation is a technology which approved the efficiency for solving insect disinfestation and phytosanitary problems in citrus trade. In this research, the mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were irradiated at different dose levels (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kGy) and stored during 45 days. The alcohol insoluble pectin, ºBrix (Total soluble solid), titratable acidity, pH, total carotenoids and vitamin C contents were analyzed after the irradiation in 0, 15, 30 and 45 days at during the storage time. Results showed that these physicochemical and chemical parameters (except vitamin C) were not influenced significantly by irradiation. These results therefore indicate that gamma irradiation is a harmless and highly effective quarantine treatment technique for mandarin and irradiation process become more conventional for insect quarantine applications.
Risk analysis and annual effective dose due to terrestrial and cosmic radiation in the region of Niğde province (Turkey)
(RAD Association, Nis Serbia, 2018) Erdoğan, Mehmet; Manisa, Kaan; Bircan, Hasan; Çevik, İbrahim; Bingöldağ, Nesli; Bıyık, Recep; Zedef, Veysel; 0000-0001-7929-4395; 30286; TAEK-ÇNAEM
The radiation exposure for people and all living things is inevitable. Most of these exposures are due to natural sources. Terrestrial and cosmic radiation sources are the most important contribution to these exposures which originated from the fractionation of U-238, Th-232, gamma radiation of K-40 and high-energy cosmic particles incident on the earth’s atmosphere. The main contribution to these exposures comes from terrestrial sources. Terrestrial radionuclides are found in various concentrations in the crust of the earth depending on geological conditions of the region. They also cause exposure risks externally due to their gamma-ray emissions. This study assesses the terrestrial and cosmic radiation dose rates from the naturally occurring radionuclides in the region of Niğde province of Turkey. The measurements were performed on the surface soil using NaI(Tl) scintillation type gamma-ray detector. The external annual effective doses and cancer risk for people living in the region are also calculated from such terrestrial and cosmic gamma radiation dose rates for each individual.
A simple method for estimating cosmic radiation doses for aircrew
(Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 2014-08) Aksu, Levent; TAEK
In Turkey, about 15,000 people are employed as aircrew. In this study, the effective dose of the aircrew due to cosmic radiation has been proposed a simple method for estimating radiation dose. In this article, using CARI-6 program can run a new program has been prepared in EXCEL on the PC based Windows operating system. Using this program, various altitudes, latitude and longitude cosmic radiation dose rates were calculated. The results calculated using a simple method in comparison with the original CARI-6 calculated at several flight data flight doses has been found to be compatible. Using this method for 0 to 20,000 m in altitude cosmic radiation doses can be calculated without the need for another program.
SSR analysis of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) mutant lines obtained through gamma-irradiation
(Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2011) Bonderanco, Ecaterina; Coretchi, Lubia; Cliciuc, Dorin; Kantoğlu, K. Yaprak; TAEK-SANAEM
Molecular characterization of new chickpea mutants generated through gamma irradiation was carried out through SSR analysis, 16 chickpea accessions were used in the studyi including 12 M5 lines and 3 M7 lines, SSR analysis was conducted with the use of 20 loci. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus ranged from none to 14, with a total of 90 bands being analysed. The selected SSR markers successfully distinguished the genotypes under study.
Tea extracts protect normal lymphocytes but not leukemia cells from UV radiation-induced ROS production : An EPR spin trap study
(Türk Biyofizik Derneği, 2014-09) Tepe Çam, Semra; Polat, Mustafa; Esmekaya, Meriç Arda; Canseven, Ayşe G.; Seyhan, Nesrin; TAEK-SANAEM
Purpose: An ex vivo method for detection of free radicals and their neutralization by aqueous tea in human normal lymphocytes and MEC-1 leukemia cells under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was investigated. Materials and Methods: This method is based on the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy spin-trapping technique. 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl 5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO) was used as the spin trap. Normal human lymphocytes and leukemia cells were exposed to UVB radiation (290 to 315 nm) at 47.7 and 159 mJ/cm2 and to UVA radiation (315 to 400 nm) at 53.7 J/cm2. Results: No significant radical production at 47.7 mJ/cm2 UVB dose in both cell lines was observed. In normal cells, free radical production was observed at 159 mJ/cm2 UVB and 53.7 J/cm2 UVA doses. However, both UV sources did not significantly produce free radicals in leukemia cells. A radical scavenging property of tea extracts (black, green, sage, rosehip) was observed in normal lymphocytes after both UVB and UVA exposure. In leukemia cells, the intensities of EPR signals produced in BMPO with tea extracts were found to be increased substantially after UVA exposure. Conclusion: These results showed that UV radiation induced free radical formation in normal human lymphocytes and indicated that tea extracts may be useful as photoprotective agents for them. On the other hand, tea extracts facilitated free radical production in leukemia cells.
The portable fast neutron radiography system for the non destructive analysis
(8-th International Conference Nuclear and Radiation Physics, 2011) Bıyık, Recep; Kam, Erol; 0000-0001-7929-4395; TAEK-ÇNAEM
The aim of this research is to set up a portable fast neutron radiography (FNR) system and to test it for use in non destructive testing of different composite materials. FNR systems provide distinctive advantages in non-destructive evaluation of thick composite materials. Other traditional techniques, such as X-ray, gamma ray and thermal neutron radiography do not meet FNRs capabilities in this area. The FNR images are produced directly during exposure; the neutrons create recoil protons, the protons activate a scintillator screen, the images can be collected with computer controlled CCD camera and the final picture can be saved on computer for the image processing. Experiments were carried out by using fast portative neutron generator Thermo Fischer MP320 at Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre.
The syllabus on fundamental radiation protection courses for radiologists in Turkey, (2011-2013)
(IAEA, 2014-12) Zeyrek, C. Tuğrul; Akbıyık, Hayri; TAEK-ANAEM
We aimed to describe the Turkish experience in radiation protection (RP) and communicate our experience in the organization of RP training courses for radiologists. The courses provided theoretical and practical knowledge on RP on the basis of scientific and technical recommendations from The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), The Council Directive 97/43/EURATOM and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Courses were organized by the Ankara Nuclear Research and Training Center (ANAEM), a branch of Turkish Atomic Energy Agency aimed at providing specialized RP education for radiologists, medical doctors, technicians, physicians, and radiation workers. The courses were presented as five-day seminars by a group of instructors composed of a physicist, radiation biologists, RP experts, and medical physicists. The implemented RP training programs were effective and efficient according to the overall assessments obtained by the ANAEM. Similar training programs can be organized for cardiologists and other medical practitioners conducting interventional procedures by institutions and organizations in accordance with the Turkish RP regulations. To this end, we suggest that RP training courses should be accredited and sustained at the national level.

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